The orpharion (/ˌɔːrfəˈraɪən/ or /ɔːrˈfæriən/) or opherion /ɒˈfɪəriən/ is a plucked stringed instrument from the Renaissance, a member of the cittern family. Its construction is similar to the larger bandora and an ancestor of the guitar. The metal strings are tuned like a lute and are plucked with the fingers. The nut and bridge of an orpharion are typically sloped, so that the string length increases from treble to bass. Due to the extremely low-tension metal strings, which would easily distort the notes when pushed down, the frets were almost flush with the fingerboard, which was gently scalloped. As with all metal-strung instruments of the era, a very light touch with the plucking hand was required, quite different from the sharper attack used on the lute.
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| - Orpheoreon (de)
- Orpharion (es)
- Orpharion (fr)
- Orpharion (it)
- オルファリオン (ja)
- Orpharion (en)
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| - Das Orpheoreon oder Orpharion, auch Orpheorion, ist ein Zupfinstrument aus der Renaissance, das zur Familie der Cistern gehört. (de)
- El orpharion es un instrumento de cuerda pulsada creado y utilizado durante el Renacimiento. Pertenece a la familia de la cítara. Su construcción es similar a la de la bandora. Su afinación era similar a la del laúd, se utilizaban cuerdas de metal y se tañía con los dedos. El orpharion fue inventado en Inglaterra en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI. En algunas fuentes de la música inglesa es mencionado como un instrumento alternativo al uso del laúd. El nombre «orpharion» viene de las palabras «Orpheus» y «Arión». (es)
- オルファリオン(Orpharion)は、ルネサンス時代の撥弦楽器である。16世紀の後半にイギリスで開発され、名前はオルペウスとアリオンを合成したものである。シターンと同族で、構造はより大きいサイズのに似ている。金属弦は複弦でリュートと同様に調弦され、指で弾く。したがってリュートの代用品の役割を果たすことができた。音はチェンバロに似ている。低音弦を長くするためにブリッジが大きく傾けられているものが多く、それに合わせてフレットも平行ではなくなっているのが特徴である。6コース・9コースなどのものがある。弦のテンションが弱いので、弦を押さえたときに音程が狂わないようにとても低いフレットが使われている。フレットとフレットの間の指板はくぼんでいる(scalloped)ことが多い。 (ja)
- The orpharion (/ˌɔːrfəˈraɪən/ or /ɔːrˈfæriən/) or opherion /ɒˈfɪəriən/ is a plucked stringed instrument from the Renaissance, a member of the cittern family. Its construction is similar to the larger bandora and an ancestor of the guitar. The metal strings are tuned like a lute and are plucked with the fingers. The nut and bridge of an orpharion are typically sloped, so that the string length increases from treble to bass. Due to the extremely low-tension metal strings, which would easily distort the notes when pushed down, the frets were almost flush with the fingerboard, which was gently scalloped. As with all metal-strung instruments of the era, a very light touch with the plucking hand was required, quite different from the sharper attack used on the lute. (en)
- L’orpharion est un instrument à cordes métalliques similaire au luth : il a le même accord et le même répertoire que ce dernier. Il est apparu en Angleterre dans la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle. Son nom serait une association d’Orphée et d’Arion[réf. nécessaire]. Sur l’orpharion, le sillet et le chevalet sont en oblique par rapport aux cordes, de manière que celles-ci soit plus courtes pour les aiguës et plus longues pour les graves. (fr)
- L'orpharion (o orpheoreon) era uno strumento a corde rinascimentale attribuito all'invenzione del liutaio inglese John Rose nel 1581 e del quale sono sopravvissuti solo pochi esemplari. Il suo nome nasceva dalla fusione dei nomi di due miti greci: Orfeo e Arione. La cordiera era obliqua, con la parte ascendente rivolta verso le corde acute, allo scopo di migliorare l'intonazione dello strumento. Anche il ponticello era inclinato, ma nel senso opposto. I tasti erano leggermente scavati per migliorare l'intonazione. (it)
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| - An orpharion, labeled cythara communis, from Kircher's Musurgia Universalis (en)
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| - (en)
- Mandolin (en)
- Lute (en)
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| - Das Orpheoreon oder Orpharion, auch Orpheorion, ist ein Zupfinstrument aus der Renaissance, das zur Familie der Cistern gehört. (de)
- El orpharion es un instrumento de cuerda pulsada creado y utilizado durante el Renacimiento. Pertenece a la familia de la cítara. Su construcción es similar a la de la bandora. Su afinación era similar a la del laúd, se utilizaban cuerdas de metal y se tañía con los dedos. El orpharion fue inventado en Inglaterra en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI. En algunas fuentes de la música inglesa es mencionado como un instrumento alternativo al uso del laúd. El nombre «orpharion» viene de las palabras «Orpheus» y «Arión». (es)
- The orpharion (/ˌɔːrfəˈraɪən/ or /ɔːrˈfæriən/) or opherion /ɒˈfɪəriən/ is a plucked stringed instrument from the Renaissance, a member of the cittern family. Its construction is similar to the larger bandora and an ancestor of the guitar. The metal strings are tuned like a lute and are plucked with the fingers. The nut and bridge of an orpharion are typically sloped, so that the string length increases from treble to bass. Due to the extremely low-tension metal strings, which would easily distort the notes when pushed down, the frets were almost flush with the fingerboard, which was gently scalloped. As with all metal-strung instruments of the era, a very light touch with the plucking hand was required, quite different from the sharper attack used on the lute. The orpharion was invented in England in the second half of the 16th century; in sources of English music it is often mentioned as an alternative to the lute. According to Stow's "Annals" (1631), John Rose of Bridewell invented the instrument in 1581. A Rose orpharion in Helmingham Hall was allegedly given as a gift to Queen Elizabeth I, and may well be that first example. It has six courses and the bridge and nut are parallel. The only other surviving orpharion, now in the Claudius Collection in Copenhagen, has nine courses with fanned frets, and dates to 1617. The name orpharion comes from Orpheus and Arion. William Barley published a book of Orpharian tablature in 1596. It contained music by Francis Cutting, John Dowland, Philip Rosseter, Peter Philips, Anthony Holborne, Edward Johnson and William Byrd. It was entitled A new book of tablature for the orpharion, containing sundry sorts of lessons, collected together [by William Barley] out of diverse good authors, for the furtherance and delight of such as are desirous to practise on this instrument. (en)
- L’orpharion est un instrument à cordes métalliques similaire au luth : il a le même accord et le même répertoire que ce dernier. Il est apparu en Angleterre dans la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle. Son nom serait une association d’Orphée et d’Arion[réf. nécessaire]. Sur l’orpharion, le sillet et le chevalet sont en oblique par rapport aux cordes, de manière que celles-ci soit plus courtes pour les aiguës et plus longues pour les graves. John Dowland le cite comme une alternative au luth pour accompagner ses chansons. William Barley a publié des pièces pour orpharion (dont deux pièces de Dowland) dans New Booke of Tabliture-1596. Dans son texte, Barley explique que, sur l’orpharion, les doigts doivent « être posés calmement sur les cordes et ne pas s’en saisir soudainement ou brusquement comme au luth : car si vous faisiez ainsi, les cordes métalliques s’entrechoqueraient et se feraient résonner l’une l’autre ». (fr)
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