. "John Cotton (minister)"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "John Cotton (pasteur)"@fr . . . . . . "John Cotton (* 4. Dezember 1585 in Derby, Derbyshire, England; \u2020 23. Dezember 1652 in Boston, Massachusetts, Neuengland) war ein englischer anglikanischer Geistlicher, Theologe und ab 1633 einer der f\u00FChrenden K\u00F6pfe der ersten Puritanergeneration und einer der Vordenker und Begr\u00FCnder des Kongregationalismus in Boston, in der Massachusetts Bay Colony und in ganz Neuengland."@de . . "John Cotton (4 December 1585 \u2013 23 December 1652) was a clergyman in England and the American colonies and was considered the preeminent minister and theologian of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He studied for five years at Trinity College, Cambridge, and another nine at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He had already built a reputation as a scholar and outstanding preacher when he accepted the position of minister at St. Botolph's Church, Boston in Lincolnshire, in 1612. As a Puritan, he wanted to do away with the ceremony and vestments associated with the established Church of England and to preach in a simpler manner. He felt that the English church needed significant reforms, but he was adamant about not separating from it; his preference was to change it from within. Many ministers were removed from their pulpits in England for their Puritan practices, but Cotton thrived at St. Botolph's for nearly 20 years because of supportive aldermen and lenient bishops, as well as his conciliatory and gentle demeanor. By 1632, however, the church authorities had greatly increased pressure on non-conforming clergy, and Cotton was forced into hiding. The following year, he and his wife boarded a ship for New England. Cotton was highly sought as a minister in Massachusetts and was quickly installed as the second pastor of the Boston church, sharing the ministry with John Wilson. He generated more religious conversions in his first six months than had been made the whole previous year. Early in his Boston tenure, he became involved in the banishment of Roger Williams, who blamed much of his trouble on Cotton. Soon after, Cotton became embroiled in the colony's Antinomian Controversy when several adherents of his \"free grace\" theology (most notably Anne Hutchinson) began criticizing other ministers in the colony. He tended to support his adherents through much of that controversy; near its conclusion, however, he realized that many of them held theological positions that were well outside the mainstream of Puritan orthodoxy, which he did not condone. Following the controversy, Cotton was able to mend fences with his fellow ministers, and he continued to preach in the Boston church until his death. A great part of his effort during his later career was devoted to the governance of the New England churches, and he was the one who gave the name Congregationalism to this form of church polity. A new form of polity was being decided for the Church of England in the early 1640s, as the Puritans in England gained power on the eve of the English Civil War, and Cotton wrote numerous letters and books in support of the \"New England Way\". Ultimately, Presbyterianism was chosen as the form of governance for the Church of England during the Westminster Assembly in 1643, though Cotton continued to engage in a polemic contest with several prominent Presbyterians on this issue. Cotton became more conservative with age. He battled the separatist attitude of Roger Williams and advocated severe punishment for those whom he deemed heretics, such as Samuel Gorton. Cotton was a scholar, an avid letter writer, and the author of many books, and was considered the \"prime mover\" among New England's ministers. Cotton died in December 1652 at age 67, following a month-long illness. His grandson Cotton Mather also became a New England minister and historian."@en . . . . . . "John Cotton"@it . . . "England"@en . . . . . "John Cotton"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El reverend John Cotton (4 de desembre de 1585 - 23 de desembre de 1652) va ser un dels principals ministres de la puritana Nova Anglaterra, entre els quals hi havia , , (que es convertiria en el seu gendre), i . Va ser tamb\u00E9 l'avi de Cotton Mather."@ca . . . . . . . "85311"^^ . "John Cotton (pendeta)"@in . . . "El reverend John Cotton (4 de desembre de 1585 - 23 de desembre de 1652) va ser un dels principals ministres de la puritana Nova Anglaterra, entre els quals hi havia , , (que es convertiria en el seu gendre), i . Va ser tamb\u00E9 l'avi de Cotton Mather. Nascut a Anglaterra, va ser educat en la Derby Grammar School, que en l'actualitat \u00E9s el Derby Heritage Centre i va estudiar a la Universitat de Cambridge, on tamb\u00E9 va treballar com a conferenciant principal, m\u00E9s endavant es va fer ministre a la ciutat anglesa de Boston, abans que el seu puritanisme i les seves cr\u00EDtiques a la jerarquia adrecessin contra ell l'atenci\u00F3 hostil de les autoritats de l'Esgl\u00E9sia d'Anglaterra. En 1633, William Laud va ser nomenat arquebisbe de Canterbury, i com altres nombroses figures puritanes no conformistes, Cotton va passar a ser escrutat amb severitat. El mateix any, Cotton, la seva fam\u00EDlia i uns quants seguidors locals es van embarcar cap a la Col\u00F2nia de la Badia de Massachusetts. El moviment congregacional Brownist que dins de l'Esgl\u00E9sia d'Anglaterra tenia certa autonomia, va esdevenir una esgl\u00E9sia separada. Causa de les seves inicials perspectives sobre la primacia del govern congregacional, va tenir un paper de gran import\u00E0ncia en les aspiracions puritanes de fer de Boston un punt important per ajudar en la reforma de l'esgl\u00E9sia d'Anglaterra. Cotton \u00E9s molt conegut entre altres coses per la seva inicial defensa d'Anne Hutchinson ja des dels seus primers viatges durant la crisi antin\u00F2mia, durant la qual ella li va esmentar amb respecte, encara que amb el pas del temps ell es va oposar a ella. Tamb\u00E9 \u00E9s recordat pel seu paper en l'exili del te\u00F2leg Roger Williams reclamant el paper de la democr\u00E0cia i de la separaci\u00F3 de l'esgl\u00E9sia i l'estat en la societat teon\u00F2mica puritana. Cotton es va anar fent cada vegada m\u00E9s conservador en les seves visions al llarg dels anys per\u00F2 sempre va retenir l'estimaci\u00F3 de la seva comunitat. El llegat literari de Cotton inclou la seva correspond\u00E8ncia, un catecisme, nombrosos sermons i el codi legal teol\u00F2gic titulat An Abstract of the laws of New England as they are now established. Aquest codi legal ofereix les bases per al sistema legal del clergue John Davenport per la col\u00F2nia de New Haven, i va ser un dels textos utilitzats per redactar The Body of Liberties de Massachusetts."@ca . . . . . "John Cotton (Derby, 4 dicembre 1585 \u2013 Boston, 23 dicembre 1652) \u00E8 stato un predicatore inglese. Fu coinvolto in numerose dispute teologiche nella colonia inglese di Massachusetts Bay. Considerato il padre del Congregazionalismo in America, le sue opere sono state a lungo usate come testi di catechesi. Un\u00EC in un unico codice tutte le leggi della colonia e il suo lavoro fu la base del sistema legale di New Haven."@it . . . "Seaborn, Sariah, Elizabeth, John, Maria, Rowland, William"@en . . . . . "1652-12-23"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Clergyman"@en . . . . . "John Cotton (* 4. Dezember 1585 in Derby, Derbyshire, England; \u2020 23. Dezember 1652 in Boston, Massachusetts, Neuengland) war ein englischer anglikanischer Geistlicher, Theologe und ab 1633 einer der f\u00FChrenden K\u00F6pfe der ersten Puritanergeneration und einer der Vordenker und Begr\u00FCnder des Kongregationalismus in Boston, in der Massachusetts Bay Colony und in ganz Neuengland."@de . . . "533230"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Christianity"@en . "Calvinism"@en . . . . "1652-12-23"^^ . . . . . "\uC874 \uCF54\uD2BC"@ko . . . . . . . . "Signature of John Cotton .png"@en . . . . . . . "1107384179"^^ . . "John Cotton"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "1585-12-04"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "John Cotton"@en . . "John Cotton (4 December 1585 \u2013 23 December 1652) was a clergyman in England and the American colonies and was considered the preeminent minister and theologian of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He studied for five years at Trinity College, Cambridge, and another nine at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He had already built a reputation as a scholar and outstanding preacher when he accepted the position of minister at St. Botolph's Church, Boston in Lincolnshire, in 1612."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "John Cotton (4 Desember 1585 \u2013 23 Desember 1652) adalah seorang rohaniwan di Inggris dan koloni-koloni Amerika dan, menurut banyak catatan, pendeta dan teolog menonjol di . Ia belajar selama lima tahun di Trinity College, Cambridge dan sembilan tahun di ."@in . . . . . . . "John Cotton (4 d\u00E9cembre 1585 \u2013 23 d\u00E9cembre 1652) est un pasteur anglican puritain install\u00E9 en Nouvelle-Angleterre. D'apr\u00E8s plusieurs t\u00E9moignages, il fut le pr\u00E9dicateur le plus influent de la Colonie de la baie du Massachusetts."@fr . . . . . . "El reverendo John Cotton (4 de diciembre de 1585 \u2013 23 de diciembre de 1652) fue uno de los principales ministros de la puritana Nueva Inglaterra, entre los que se encontraban John Winthrop, Thomas Hooker, (que se convertir\u00EDa en su yerno), y . Fue tambi\u00E9n el abuelo de Cotton Mather. Nacido en Inglaterra, fue educado en la Derby Grammar School, que en la actualidad es el y estudi\u00F3 en la Universidad de Cambridge, donde tambi\u00E9n trabaj\u00F3 como conferenciante principal; m\u00E1s adelante se hizo ministro en la ciudad inglesa de Boston, antes de que su puritanismo y sus cr\u00EDticas a la jerarqu\u00EDa dirigiesen contra \u00E9l la atenci\u00F3n hostil de las autoridades de la Iglesia de Inglaterra. En 1633, William Laud fue nombrado Arzobispo de Canterbury, y como otras numerosas figuras puritanas no conformistas, Cotton pas\u00F3 a ser escrutado con severidad. El mismo a\u00F1o, Cotton, su familia y unos cuantos seguidores locales se embarcaron hacia la colonia de la bah\u00EDa de Massachusetts. El movimiento congregacional que dentro de la Iglesia de Inglaterra ten\u00EDa cierta autonom\u00EDa, se convirti\u00F3 en una iglesia separada. Debido a sus iniciales perspectivas acerca de la primac\u00EDa del gobierno congregacional, tuvo un papel de gran importancia en las aspiraciones puritanas de hacer de Boston un punto importante para ayudar en la reforma de la iglesia de Inglaterra. Cotton es muy conocido entre otras cosas por su inicial defensa de Anne Hutchinson ya desde sus primeros viajes durante la crisis antinomia, durante la que ella le mencion\u00F3 con respeto, aunque con el paso del tiempo \u00E9l se opuso a ella. Tambi\u00E9n es recordado por su papel en el destierro del te\u00F3logo Roger Williams reclamando el papel de la democracia y de la separaci\u00F3n de la iglesia y el estado en la sociedad teon\u00F3mica puritana. Cotton se fue haciendo cada vez m\u00E1s conservador en sus visiones a lo largo de los a\u00F1os pero siempre retuvo la estimaci\u00F3n de su comunidad. El legado literario de Cotton incluye su correspondencia, un catecismo, numerosos sermones y el c\u00F3digo legal teon\u00F3mico titulado An Abstract of the laws of New England as they are now established.\u200B Este c\u00F3digo legal provee las bases para el sistema legal del cl\u00E9rigo John Davenport para la colonia de New Haven, y fue uno de los textos utilizados para redactar el The Body of Liberties de Massachusetts.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . "Biography"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1585-12-04"^^ . . "Elizabeth Horrocks"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "John Cotton"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Mary Hurlbert and Rowland Cotton"@en . . . . . "CTN598J"@en . . "1652"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC874 \uCF54\uD2BC(John Cotton, 1585\uB144 12\uC6D4 4\uC77C - 1652\uB144 12\uC6D4 23\uC77C)\uC740 \uC601\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uC2DC\uB300\uC758 \uC131\uC9C1\uC790\uC600\uC73C\uBA70, \uB9E4\uC0AC\uCD94\uC138\uCE20 \uB9CC \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uC758 \uC800\uBA85\uD55C \uBAA9\uD68C\uC790\uC694 \uC2E0\uD559\uC790\uC600\uB2E4.\uADF8\uB294 \uD2B8\uB9AC\uB2C8\uD2F0 \uCE7C\uB9AC\uC9C0 (\uCF00\uC784\uBE0C\uB9AC\uC9C0)\uC5D0\uC11C 5\uB144\uAC04 \uC218\uD559\uD558\uACE0, \uCEA0\uBE0C\uB9AC\uC9C0\uC5D0\uC11C Emmanuel College\uC5D0\uC11C 9\uB144\uAC04 \uACF5\uBD80\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC774\uBBF8 1612\uB144 \uBCF4\uC2A4\uD134 (\uB9C1\uCEE8\uC154 \uC8FC) \uC138\uC778\uD2B8 \uBCF4\uD1A8\uD504 \uAD50\uD68C (Saint Botolph 's Church)\uC5D0\uC11C \uBAA9\uC0AC\uC9C1\uC744 \uC218\uB77D\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uD559\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uD0C1\uC6D4\uD55C \uC124\uAD50\uC790\uB85C\uC11C\uC758 \uBA85\uC131\uC744 \uC313\uC558\uB2E4. 1633\uB144 \uB9E4\uC0AC\uCD94\uC138\uCE20\uB9CC \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uB85C \uC774\uBBFC\uC744 \uC640\uC11C \uD1A0\uB9C8\uC2A4 \uD6C4\uCEE4\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uC0AC\uC5ED\uC744 \uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC728\uBC95\uD3D0\uAE30\uB860 \uB17C\uC7C1\uC758 \uC911\uC2EC\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uACE0, \uC564 \uD5C8\uCE5C\uC2A8\uC740 \uD68C\uC2EC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC740\uD61C\uC758 \uC120\uD589\uB428\uACFC \uD558\uB098\uB2D8\uC758 \uC8FC\uAD8C\uC744 \uAC15\uC870\uD55C \uADF8\uB97C \uB530\uB790\uB2E4. \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC624\uB355\uAD50 \uBC15\uC0AC\uAC00 \uC874 \uCF54\uD2BC\uC73C\uB85C \uC6E8\uC2A4\uD2B8\uBBFC\uC2A4\uD130 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC15\uC0AC\uD559\uC704\uB97C \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uC874 \uD504\uB808\uC2A4\uD1A4\uC740 \uADF8\uC758 \uC124\uAD50\uB97C \uB4E3\uACE0 \uD68C\uC2EC\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "John Cotton"@de . "John Cotton (Derby, 4 dicembre 1585 \u2013 Boston, 23 dicembre 1652) \u00E8 stato un predicatore inglese. Fu coinvolto in numerose dispute teologiche nella colonia inglese di Massachusetts Bay. Considerato il padre del Congregazionalismo in America, le sue opere sono state a lungo usate come testi di catechesi. Un\u00EC in un unico codice tutte le leggi della colonia e il suo lavoro fu la base del sistema legale di New Haven."@it . . . "B.D. 1613: Emmanuel College, Cambridge"@en . . . . . . . . . "John Cotton (4 Desember 1585 \u2013 23 Desember 1652) adalah seorang rohaniwan di Inggris dan koloni-koloni Amerika dan, menurut banyak catatan, pendeta dan teolog menonjol di . Ia belajar selama lima tahun di Trinity College, Cambridge dan sembilan tahun di ."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Sarah Story"@en . "John Cotton"@en . . "1585"^^ . . . . . . . . . "John Cotton (4 d\u00E9cembre 1585 \u2013 23 d\u00E9cembre 1652) est un pasteur anglican puritain install\u00E9 en Nouvelle-Angleterre. D'apr\u00E8s plusieurs t\u00E9moignages, il fut le pr\u00E9dicateur le plus influent de la Colonie de la baie du Massachusetts."@fr . . . . . . . "Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "M.A. 1606: Emmanuel College, Cambridge"@en . . . "United States"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "grandfather of Cotton Mather"@en . . . . "El reverendo John Cotton (4 de diciembre de 1585 \u2013 23 de diciembre de 1652) fue uno de los principales ministros de la puritana Nueva Inglaterra, entre los que se encontraban John Winthrop, Thomas Hooker, (que se convertir\u00EDa en su yerno), y . Fue tambi\u00E9n el abuelo de Cotton Mather."@es . . "B.A. 1603: Trinity College, Cambridge"@en . . . . . . . . "\uC874 \uCF54\uD2BC(John Cotton, 1585\uB144 12\uC6D4 4\uC77C - 1652\uB144 12\uC6D4 23\uC77C)\uC740 \uC601\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uC2DC\uB300\uC758 \uC131\uC9C1\uC790\uC600\uC73C\uBA70, \uB9E4\uC0AC\uCD94\uC138\uCE20 \uB9CC \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uC758 \uC800\uBA85\uD55C \uBAA9\uD68C\uC790\uC694 \uC2E0\uD559\uC790\uC600\uB2E4.\uADF8\uB294 \uD2B8\uB9AC\uB2C8\uD2F0 \uCE7C\uB9AC\uC9C0 (\uCF00\uC784\uBE0C\uB9AC\uC9C0)\uC5D0\uC11C 5\uB144\uAC04 \uC218\uD559\uD558\uACE0, \uCEA0\uBE0C\uB9AC\uC9C0\uC5D0\uC11C Emmanuel College\uC5D0\uC11C 9\uB144\uAC04 \uACF5\uBD80\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC774\uBBF8 1612\uB144 \uBCF4\uC2A4\uD134 (\uB9C1\uCEE8\uC154 \uC8FC) \uC138\uC778\uD2B8 \uBCF4\uD1A8\uD504 \uAD50\uD68C (Saint Botolph 's Church)\uC5D0\uC11C \uBAA9\uC0AC\uC9C1\uC744 \uC218\uB77D\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uD559\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uD0C1\uC6D4\uD55C \uC124\uAD50\uC790\uB85C\uC11C\uC758 \uBA85\uC131\uC744 \uC313\uC558\uB2E4. 1633\uB144 \uB9E4\uC0AC\uCD94\uC138\uCE20\uB9CC \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uB85C \uC774\uBBFC\uC744 \uC640\uC11C \uD1A0\uB9C8\uC2A4 \uD6C4\uCEE4\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uC0AC\uC5ED\uC744 \uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC728\uBC95\uD3D0\uAE30\uB860 \uB17C\uC7C1\uC758 \uC911\uC2EC\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uACE0, \uC564 \uD5C8\uCE5C\uC2A8\uC740 \uD68C\uC2EC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC740\uD61C\uC758 \uC120\uD589\uB428\uACFC \uD558\uB098\uB2D8\uC758 \uC8FC\uAD8C\uC744 \uAC15\uC870\uD55C \uADF8\uB97C \uB530\uB790\uB2E4. \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC624\uB355\uAD50 \uBC15\uC0AC\uAC00 \uC874 \uCF54\uD2BC\uC73C\uB85C \uC6E8\uC2A4\uD2B8\uBBFC\uC2A4\uD130 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC15\uC0AC\uD559\uC704\uB97C \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uC874 \uD504\uB808\uC2A4\uD1A4\uC740 \uADF8\uC758 \uC124\uAD50\uB97C \uB4E3\uACE0 \uD68C\uC2EC\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Cotton, John"@en .