. . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0406\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043E \u0430\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u044E\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0449\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0456\u0457\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u2014 \u0456\u043D\u0434\u043E\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0457\u0432. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0412\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u043A \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043C\u0456\u0449\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 \u0432\u0456\u0434 5 - 6 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0434\u043E 2 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435., \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0447\u0456 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0406\u043D\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D, \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0447\u043E\u043A \u0413\u0430\u043D\u0433, \u0406\u043D\u0434, \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0456, \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C . \u0410\u043B\u0435 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 1900 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438 \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043E\u0445\u043B\u0430, \u0456 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043F\u043E \u0457\u0457 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F . \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u2014 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 600 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 320 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0406\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F \u041C\u0430\u0443\u0440'\u0457\u0432."@uk . . . . . . . "73026"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\"Bactria-Marga\""@en . "\uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC2DC\uB300(\uC601\uC5B4: Vedic period, \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 1500\uB144 ~ \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 500\uB144)\uB294 \uC778\uB3C4\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC778\uB3C4 \uC544\uB300\uB959 \uBD81\uBD80\uC5D0\uC11C \uBCA0\uB2E4\uAC00 \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5C8\uB358 \uD6C4\uAE30 \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uC640 \uCD08\uAE30 \uCCA0\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300, \uC778\uB354\uC2A4 \uBB38\uBA85\uC758 \uC885\uB9D0\uACFC \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 600\uB144 \uC778\uB3C4-\uAC20\uC9C0\uC2A4 \uD3C9\uC6D0 \uC911\uBD80\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2DC\uC791\uB41C \uB450\uBC88\uC9F8 \uB3C4\uC2DC\uD654 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uC2DC\uAE30\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uC778\uB3C4\uC544\uB9AC\uC544\uC778\uC758 \uBD80\uC871 \uC5F0\uD569\uC778 \uCFE0\uB8E8 \uC655\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uC804\uD55C \uC601\uD5A5\uB825 \uC788\uB294 \uBE0C\uB77C\uB9CC\uAD50 \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC758 \uAE30\uCD08\uB97C \uD615\uC131\uD55C \uC804\uB840 \uBB38\uD5CC\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4\uB294 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD574\uC11D\uB41C \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30 \uB3D9\uC548\uC758 \uC0B6\uC758 \uC138\uBD80 \uC0AC\uD56D\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70 \uADF8 \uC2DC\uB300\uB97C \uC774\uD574\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD55C \uC8FC\uC694 \uC790\uB8CC\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBB38\uD5CC\uC740 \uD574\uB2F9 \uACE0\uACE0\uD559 \uAE30\uB85D\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uC778\uB3C4-\uC544\uB9AC\uC544\uC640 \uBCA0\uB2E4 \uBB38\uD654\uC758 \uC9C4\uD654\uB97C \uCD94\uC801\uD558\uACE0 \uCD94\uB860\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uD574\uC900\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4\uB294 \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30 \uCD08\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC778\uB3C4 \uC544\uB300\uB959\uC758 \uBD81\uC11C\uBD80 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC8FC\uD55C \uACE0\uB300 \uC778\uB3C4\uC544\uB9AC\uC544\uC5B4\uAD70\uC758 \uD654\uC790\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC815\uD655\uD558\uAC8C \uAD6C\uC804\uC73C\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uACE0 \uC804\uB2EC\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC0AC\uD68C\uB294 \uAC00\uBD80\uC7A5\uC801\uC774\uACE0 \uBD80\uACC4\uC801\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uCD08\uAE30 \uC778\uB3C4\uC544\uB9AC\uC544\uC778\uB4E4\uC740 \uD380\uC790\uBE0C\uB97C \uC911\uC2EC\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uD6C4\uAE30 \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC600\uC73C\uBA70, \uC655\uAD6D\uBCF4\uB2E4\uB294 \uBD80\uC871\uC73C\uB85C \uC870\uC9C1\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0 \uC8FC\uB85C \uBAA9\uCD95 \uC0DD\uD65C\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uC0AC\uD68C\uAC00 \uC720\uC9C0\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 1200\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 1000\uB144 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC544\uB9AC\uC544 \uBB38\uD654\uB294 \uB3D9\uCABD\uC73C\uB85C \uBE44\uC625\uD55C \uC11C\uBD80 \uAC20\uC9C0\uC2A4 \uD3C9\uC57C\uB85C \uD37C\uC838\uB098\uAC14\uB2E4. \uCCA0\uAE30 \uB3C4\uAD6C\uAC00 \uCC44\uD0DD\uB418\uC5B4 \uC232\uC744 \uAC1C\uAC04\uD558\uACE0 \uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC548\uC815\uB41C \uB18D\uC5C5 \uC0DD\uD65C \uBC29\uC2DD\uC744 \uCC44\uD0DD\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC2DC\uB300\uC758 \uD6C4\uBC18\uAE30\uB294 \uB9C8\uC744\uACFC \uC655\uAD6D\uC758 \uCD9C\uD604, \uC778\uB3C4 \uD2B9\uC720\uC758 \uBCF5\uC7A1\uD55C \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uBD84\uD654, \uCFE0\uB8E8 \uC655\uAD6D\uC758 \uC2A4\uB77C\uC6B0\uD0C0 \uC758\uC2DD\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC131\uBB38\uD654\uB85C \uD2B9\uC9D5\uC9C0\uC5B4\uC9C4\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30 \uB3D9\uC548 \uC911\uC559 \uAC20\uC9C0\uC2A4 \uD3C9\uC6D0\uC740 \uB300\uB9C8\uAC00\uB2E4\uC640 \uAD00\uB828\uC774 \uC788\uC9C0\uB9CC \uBE44\uBCA0\uB2E4\uC801 \uC778\uB3C4\uC544\uB9AC\uC544\uC778 \uBB38\uD654\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC9C0\uBC30\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC2DC\uB300\uAC00 \uB05D\uB0A0 \uBB34\uB835 \uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC815\uD1B5 \uAD50\uB9AC\uC5D0 \uB3C4\uC804\uD55C \uC288\uB77C\uB9C8\uB098 \uC6B4\uB3D9( \uC790\uC774\uB098\uAD50\uC640 \uBD88\uAD50 \uD3EC\uD568)\uBFD0\uB9CC \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C \uC9C4\uC815\uD55C \uB3C4\uC2DC\uC640 \uB300\uAD6D(\uB9C8\uD558\uC790\uB098\uD30C\uB2E4\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD88\uB9BC)\uC758 \uBC1C\uD765\uC774 \uBAA9\uACA9\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC2DC\uB300\uC5D0\uB294 \uC9C0\uC18D\uC801\uC778 \uC601\uD5A5\uB825\uC744 \uC9C0\uB2CC \uCE74\uC2A4\uD2B8 \uACC4\uCE35\uC774 \uCD9C\uD604\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC885\uAD50\uB294 \uBE0C\uB77C\uB9CC\uC801 \uC815\uD1B5\uC73C\uB85C \uBC1C\uC804\uD588\uC73C\uBA70, \uAE30\uC6D0\uD6C4 \uBB34\uB835 \uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC804\uD1B5\uC740 \"\uD78C\uB450\uAD50\"\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uAD6C\uC131 \uC694\uC18C \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uB97C \uD615\uC131\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30 \uC778\uB3C4-\uC544\uB9AC\uC544 \uBB3C\uC9C8 \uBB38\uD654\uC758 \uB2E8\uACC4\uB85C \uD655\uC778\uB41C \uACE0\uACE0\uD559\uC801 \uBB38\uD654\uB85C\uB294 \uD669\uD1A0\uC0C9 \uB3C4\uC790\uAE30 \uBB38\uD654, \uAC04\uB2E4\uB77C \uBB34\uB364 \uBB38\uD654, \uD751\uC801\uD1A0\uAE30 \uBB38\uD654 \uBC0F \uCC44\uBB38 \uD68C\uC0C9 \uD1A0\uAE30 \uBB38\uD654 \uB4F1\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . "\u30F4\u30A7\u30FC\u30C0\u6642\u4EE3\uFF08Vedic period\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u53F2\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30D0\u30E9\u30E2\u30F3\u6559\u306E\u7D4C\u5178\u300C\u30F4\u30A7\u30FC\u30C0\u300D\u304C\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002 \u30A2\u30FC\u30EA\u30E4\u4EBA\u304C\u30AC\u30F3\u30B8\u30B9\u5DDD\u6D41\u57DF\u306B\u62E1\u5927\u3092\u7D42\u3048\u305F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D500\u5E74\u3054\u308D\u307E\u3067\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u300C\u524D\u671F\u30F4\u30A7\u30FC\u30C0\u6642\u4EE3\u300D\uFF08\u7D00\u5143\u524D1500 - 1000\u5E74\u3054\u308D\uFF09\u3068\u300C\u5F8C\u671F\u30F4\u30A7\u30FC\u30C0\u6642\u4EE3\u300D\uFF08\u7D00\u5143\u524D1000 - \u524D500\u5E74\u3054\u308D\u307E\u3067\uFF09\u306E2\u671F\u306B\u5927\u304D\u304F\u5206\u304B\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u8A73\u7D30\u306F\u300C\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u300D\u3092\u53C2\u7167"@ja . . . . . "V\u00E9dsk\u00E9 obdob\u00ED"@cs . . . . . . . "El per\u00EDodo v\u00E9dico (o era v\u00E9dica) es el per\u00EDodo en el que se compusieron los Vedas, los textos sagrados m\u00E1s antiguos de los indoarios, que se comprende entre el final de la civilizaci\u00F3n del valle del Indo y la segunda urbanizaci\u00F3n, que comienza en la zona central de la llanura indogang\u00E9tica. Bas\u00E1ndose en evidencia literaria, los cient\u00EDficos ubican esta \u00E9poca entre el a\u00F1o 1500 a. C. y el a\u00F1o 500 A. C."@es . "P\u00E9riode v\u00E9dique"@fr . "400"^^ . . . . . . "Periode Weda atau Zaman Weda adalah periode ketika Weda sedang dikumpulkan, sekitar pertengahan milenium kedua sampai pertengahan milenium pertama SM. Kebudayaan yang muncul pada periode ini, dikenal sebgai Peradaban Weda, berpusat di bagian barat laut anak benua India. Secara kronologis, fase awal periode ini terjadi bersamaan dengan sedangkan fase akhirnya bersamaan dengan kebangkitan Mahajanapadas, kerajaan Indo-Arya awal di India. Setelah periode Weda berakhir, muncul zaman Kekaisaran Maurya (ca. 320 SM), ."@in . . . . . "\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . "\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A) \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u062F\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062F\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u064F\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A \u0644\u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629. \u062A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0623\u062F\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u064A\u062C\u0641\u062F\u0627\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064A\u062F\u0627 \u062A\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062A \u062A\u0642\u0631\u064A\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1700 \u062D\u062A\u0649 1100 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0648\u064A\u064F\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 500 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062D \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 150 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062F\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A. \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062F\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0631\u062C\u0639 \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u0639\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0632\u064A\u062F \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A. \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u060C \u064A\u064F\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062D\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u062A\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0631\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062A \u062D\u062C\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0647\u062F\u062A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064A\u062C\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062F\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0644\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 320 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F)\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062F\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645"@ar . . . "Periode Weda"@in . . . . "\"Witzel's study\""@en . "Okres wedyjski \u2013 okres, w kt\u00F3rym powstawa\u0142y Wedy, najstarsze \u015Bwi\u0119te ksi\u0119gi hinduizmu. Uczeni umiejscawiaj\u0105 ten okres mi\u0119dzy drugim a pierwszym tysi\u0105cleciem p.n.e. a\u017C do VI wieku p.n.e., bazuj\u0105c na dowodach pi\u015Bmiennych."@pl . . "Bronze Age spread of Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist ancestry into two subcontinents\u2014Europe and South Asia, and arrival in the subcontinent as Indo-Aryans"@en . . "\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u043E\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043C\u0430\u044F \u0441 \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438. \u0411\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044E \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u043E\u0442 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u0445\u043E\u0442\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043A VII \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044E \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0430\u043B \u0443\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043E V \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u044B \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430."@ru . . "La P\u00E9riode v\u00E9dique ou \u00C2ge v\u00E9dique est la p\u00E9riode de l\u2019histoire de l'Inde o\u00F9 les textes hindouistes canoniques, tels que les quatre v\u00E9das, les Br\u0101hma\u1E47as, les \u0100ra\u1E47yaka et les Upani\u1E63ad ont \u00E9t\u00E9 compos\u00E9s en sanskrit v\u00E9dique, une forme du sanskrit. La culture associ\u00E9e \u00E0 cette p\u00E9riode, parfois d\u00E9sign\u00E9e comme civilisation v\u00E9dique, s\u2019est d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e au nord et au nord-ouest du sous-continent indien. La p\u00E9riode v\u00E9dique \u00E9tant, par d\u00E9finition, celle o\u00F9 s\u2019est d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e la litt\u00E9rature v\u00E9dique, on peut la situer au IIe mill\u00E9naire av. J.-C. et au Ier mill\u00E9naire av. J.-C. jusqu\u2019au VIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C."@fr . . . . . . . "\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A) \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u062F\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062F\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u064F\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A \u0644\u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629. \u062A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0623\u062F\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u064A\u062C\u0641\u062F\u0627\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064A\u062F\u0627 \u062A\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062A \u062A\u0642\u0631\u064A\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1700 \u062D\u062A\u0649 1100 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0648\u064A\u064F\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 500 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062D \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 150 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062F\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u064A."@ar . . "La P\u00E9riode v\u00E9dique ou \u00C2ge v\u00E9dique est la p\u00E9riode de l\u2019histoire de l'Inde o\u00F9 les textes hindouistes canoniques, tels que les quatre v\u00E9das, les Br\u0101hma\u1E47as, les \u0100ra\u1E47yaka et les Upani\u1E63ad ont \u00E9t\u00E9 compos\u00E9s en sanskrit v\u00E9dique, une forme du sanskrit. La culture associ\u00E9e \u00E0 cette p\u00E9riode, parfois d\u00E9sign\u00E9e comme civilisation v\u00E9dique, s\u2019est d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e au nord et au nord-ouest du sous-continent indien. La p\u00E9riode v\u00E9dique \u00E9tant, par d\u00E9finition, celle o\u00F9 s\u2019est d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e la litt\u00E9rature v\u00E9dique, on peut la situer au IIe mill\u00E9naire av. J.-C. et au Ier mill\u00E9naire av. J.-C. jusqu\u2019au VIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. Au cours de la premi\u00E8re phase de la p\u00E9riode, on voit appara\u00EEtre la formation de divers royaumes de l\u2019Inde ancienne. La derni\u00E8re phase, \u00E0 partir de 700 avant notre \u00E8re, voit la mont\u00E9e des Mahajanapadas. S\u2019ensuivent l\u2019\u00E2ge d\u2019or de l\u2019hindouisme et de la litt\u00E9rature sanskrite classique, l\u2019Empire Maurya \u00E0 partir de 320 avant notre \u00E8re puis les moyens royaumes indiens tels que les royaumes indo-grecs."@fr . . . . . "2012.0"^^ . "\u5420\u9640\u6587\u5316"@zh . . "Veda Civilizo"@eo . . . . . "\uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC2DC\uB300(\uC601\uC5B4: Vedic period, \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 1500\uB144 ~ \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 500\uB144)\uB294 \uC778\uB3C4\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC778\uB3C4 \uC544\uB300\uB959 \uBD81\uBD80\uC5D0\uC11C \uBCA0\uB2E4\uAC00 \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5C8\uB358 \uD6C4\uAE30 \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uC640 \uCD08\uAE30 \uCCA0\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300, \uC778\uB354\uC2A4 \uBB38\uBA85\uC758 \uC885\uB9D0\uACFC \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 600\uB144 \uC778\uB3C4-\uAC20\uC9C0\uC2A4 \uD3C9\uC6D0 \uC911\uBD80\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2DC\uC791\uB41C \uB450\uBC88\uC9F8 \uB3C4\uC2DC\uD654 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uC2DC\uAE30\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uC778\uB3C4\uC544\uB9AC\uC544\uC778\uC758 \uBD80\uC871 \uC5F0\uD569\uC778 \uCFE0\uB8E8 \uC655\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uC804\uD55C \uC601\uD5A5\uB825 \uC788\uB294 \uBE0C\uB77C\uB9CC\uAD50 \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC758 \uAE30\uCD08\uB97C \uD615\uC131\uD55C \uC804\uB840 \uBB38\uD5CC\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4\uB294 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD574\uC11D\uB41C \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30 \uB3D9\uC548\uC758 \uC0B6\uC758 \uC138\uBD80 \uC0AC\uD56D\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70 \uADF8 \uC2DC\uB300\uB97C \uC774\uD574\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD55C \uC8FC\uC694 \uC790\uB8CC\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC774 \uBB38\uD5CC\uC740 \uD574\uB2F9 \uACE0\uACE0\uD559 \uAE30\uB85D\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uC778\uB3C4-\uC544\uB9AC\uC544\uC640 \uBCA0\uB2E4 \uBB38\uD654\uC758 \uC9C4\uD654\uB97C \uCD94\uC801\uD558\uACE0 \uCD94\uB860\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uD574\uC900\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4\uB294 \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30 \uCD08\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC778\uB3C4 \uC544\uB300\uB959\uC758 \uBD81\uC11C\uBD80 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC8FC\uD55C \uACE0\uB300 \uC778\uB3C4\uC544\uB9AC\uC544\uC5B4\uAD70\uC758 \uD654\uC790\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC815\uD655\uD558\uAC8C \uAD6C\uC804\uC73C\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uACE0 \uC804\uB2EC\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC0AC\uD68C\uB294 \uAC00\uBD80\uC7A5\uC801\uC774\uACE0 \uBD80\uACC4\uC801\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uCD08\uAE30 \uC778\uB3C4\uC544\uB9AC\uC544\uC778\uB4E4\uC740 \uD380\uC790\uBE0C\uB97C \uC911\uC2EC\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uD6C4\uAE30 \uCCAD\uB3D9\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC600\uC73C\uBA70, \uC655\uAD6D\uBCF4\uB2E4\uB294 \uBD80\uC871\uC73C\uB85C \uC870\uC9C1\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0 \uC8FC\uB85C \uBAA9\uCD95 \uC0DD\uD65C\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uC0AC\uD68C\uAC00 \uC720\uC9C0\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Vedische tijd"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . "The Vedic period, or the Vedic age (c.\u20091500 \u2013 c.\u2009500 BCE), is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (ca. 1300\u2013900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley civilisation and a second urbanisation, which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain c.\u2009600 BCE. The Vedas are liturgical texts which formed the basis of modern day Hinduism, which also developed in the Kuru Kingdom. The Vedas contain details of life during this period that have been interpreted to be historical and constitute the primary sources for understanding the period. These documents, alongside the corresponding archaeological record, allow for the evolution of the Vedic culture to be traced and inferred. The Vedas were composed and orally transmitted in this period. The Vedic society was patriarchal and patrilineal. Early Indo-Aryans were a Late Bronze Age society centred in the Punjab, organised into tribes rather than kingdoms, and primarily sustained by a pastoral way of life. Around c.\u20091200\u20131000 BCE Vedic culture spread eastward to the fertile western Ganges Plain. Iron tools were adopted, which allowed for the clearing of forests and the adoption of a more settled, agricultural way of life. The second half of the Vedic period was characterised by the emergence of towns, kingdoms, and a complex social differentiation distinctive to India, and the Kuru Kingdom's codification of orthodox sacrificial ritual. During this time, the central Ganges Plain was dominated by a related but non-Vedic culture, of Greater Magadha. The end of the Vedic period witnessed the rise of true cities and large states (called mahajanapadas) as well as \u015Brama\u1E47a movements (including Jainism and Buddhism) which challenged the Vedic orthodoxy. The Vedic period saw the emergence of a hierarchy of social classes that would remain influential. Vedic religion developed into Brahmanical orthodoxy, and around the beginning of the Common Era, the Vedic tradition formed one of the main constituents of \"Hindu synthesis\".[[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|page needed]]]_8-0\" class=\"reference\"> Archaeological cultures identified with phases of vedic culture include the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture, the Gandhara grave culture, the black and red ware culture and the Painted Grey Ware culture."@en . . . "La civilt\u00E0 vedica \u00E8 la cultura associata al popolo che compose i testi religiosi conosciuti come Veda, nel subcontinente indiano. Il territorio allora occupato da quella civilt\u00E0 corrisponde all'attuale regione del Punjab, tra India e Pakistan, alla Provincia della Frontiera del Nord Ovest del Pakistan e alla maggior parte dell'India settentrionale. Secondo la maggioranza degli studiosi, la civilt\u00E0 vedica si svilupp\u00F2 nel II e nel I millennio a.C., sebbene la tradizione ind\u00F9 proponga una data pi\u00F9 remota, nel VI millennio a.C. Il sanscrito vedico e la religione vedica persistettero fino al VI secolo a.C., quando la cultura cominci\u00F2 a trasformarsi nelle forme classiche dell'induismo. Questo periodo della storia dell'India \u00E8 conosciuto come Era Vedica. Nella sua fase tarda (a partire dal 700 a."@it . . . . . . . "400"^^ . . . . . . . "\uBCA0\uB2E4 \uC2DC\uB300"@ko . . "Early Vedic culture"@en . "\u30F4\u30A7\u30FC\u30C0\u6642\u4EE3"@ja . . . . "\u5420\u9640\u6587\u5316\uFF08\u7EA6\u516C\u5143\u524D1500\u5E74\u2014\u524D500\u5E74\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u5420\u9640\u7D93\u5178\u6240\u8BB0\u8F7D\u548C\u53CD\u6620\u7684\u5370\u5EA6\u5386\u53F2\u65F6\u671F\u6587\u5316\u3002\u900F\u904E\u5420\u9640\u7D93\u5178\u7684\u53E4\u68B5\u6587\u53F2\u6599\uFF0C\u6240\u8B02\u7684\u5420\u9640\u7D93\u5178\u5373\u6307\u56DB\u5420\u9640\u2014\u2014\u68A8\u4FF1\u5420\u9640\u3001\u5A11\u6469\u5420\u9640\u3001\u591C\u67D4\u5420\u9640\u3001\u963F\u95E5\u5A46\u5420\u9640\uFF0C\u52A0\u4E0A\u68B5\u66F8\u548C\u5967\u7FA9\u66F8\u53C8\u7A31\u516D\u5420\u9640\u3002\u53E4\u4EE3\u5370\u5EA6\u7531\u3001\u8FBE\u7F57\u6BD7\u837C\u4EBA\u53CA\u53E4\u5370\u5EA6\u4EBA\u7B49\u591A\u65CF\uFF0C\u9010\u6F38\u5F62\u6210\u5176\u601D\u60F3\u8207\u6587\u5316\u3002\u7576\u6642\uFF0C\u7531\u53E4\u5370\u5EA6\u5A46\u7F85\u9580\u4E3B\u5BB0\u7684\u793E\u6703\u5F62\u6210\u5420\u9640\u6587\u5316\uFF0C\u4E26\u5EF6\u7E8C\u53E4\u5A46\u7F85\u9580\u6559\u3002\u5420\u9640\u6587\u5316\u53CD\u6620\u7576\u6642\u5370\u5EA6\u4EBA\u65E5\u5E38\u751F\u6D3B\u7684\u5BEB\u7167\u4EE5\u53CA\u4EBA\u5011\u5C0D\u795E\u9748\u5929\u4E0A\u7684\u7F8E\u597D\u56AE\u5F80\uFF0C\u5F8C\u671F\u7684\u5420\u9640\u601D\u60F3\u51FA\u73FE\u63D0\u5021\u9152\u7684\u6587\u5316\uFF0C\u958B\u59CB\u9F13\u52F5\u4EBA\u5011\u98F2\u9152\uFF0C\u5F8C\u671F\u5A46\u7F85\u9580\u6559\u5F92\u7684\u796D\u53F8\u5011\u751A\u81F3\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u98F2\u9152\u53EF\u4EE5\u8B93\u4EBA\u7372\u5F97\u89E3\u812B\u3001\u91CD\u65B0\u56DE\u5230\u5927\u68B5\u5929\u8207\u68B5\u6211\u5408\u4E00\u7684\u6700\u4F73\u65B9\u6CD5\u3002"@zh . . . . . "Civiliza\u00E7\u00E3o v\u00E9dica"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "La Veda periodo (a\u016D Veda epoko) (\u0109. 1750\u2013500 a.K.) estis la periodo en la Historio de Hindio dum kiu estis komponitaj la Vedoj, nome la antikvaj sanktaj libroj de Hinduismo. La precizaj da\u016Drodatoj de la periodo estas necertaj. Filologiaj kaj lingvistika pruvaro indikas, ke Rigvedo, nome la plej antikva el la Vedoj, estis komponita inter \u0109irka\u016D 1700 kaj 1100 a.K., anka\u016D referencata kiel komenca Veda periodo."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . "1124396730"^^ . . . . . . "A civiliza\u00E7\u00E3o v\u00E9dica - segundo o que consta nos Vedas, foi a civiliza\u00E7\u00E3o que floresceu na regi\u00E3o do subcontinente indiano e tinha como base de sua cultura (tanto material quanto espiritualmente), os princ\u00EDpios que hoje podemos encontrar nos textos v\u00E9dicos. O territ\u00F3rio ent\u00E3o ocupado por aquela civiliza\u00E7\u00E3o corresponde ao atual Panjabe, na \u00CDndia e Paquist\u00E3o, \u00E0 Caiber Paquetuncu\u00E1 (Paquist\u00E3o) e \u00E0 maior parte da \u00CDndia setentrional. Segundo a maioria dos estudiosos acad\u00EAmicos ocidentais, a civiliza\u00E7\u00E3o v\u00E9dica desenvolveu-se nos segundo e primeiro mil\u00EAnio a.C., embora a pr\u00F3pria tradi\u00E7\u00E3o da literatura v\u00E9dica proponha uma data muito mais remota, chegando a dezenas e centenas de milhares de anos. O s\u00E2nscrito v\u00E9dico persistiu at\u00E9 o s\u00E9culo VI a.C., quando a cultura come\u00E7ou a transformar-se nas formas cl\u00E1ssicas do hindu\u00EDsmo (termo forjado pelos ocidentais para caracterizar e amalgamar a variedade de pr\u00E1ticas e escolas de pensamento existentes naquela regi\u00E3o que tinham como base os vedas, numa \u00FAnica denomina\u00E7\u00E3o). Este per\u00EDodo da hist\u00F3ria da \u00CDndia \u00E9 conhecido como a era V\u00E9dica. Em sua fase tardia (a partir de 700 a.C.), assistiu ao surgimento dos Mahajanapadas (os dezesseis grandes reinos indianos da Idade do Ferro); \u00E0 era v\u00E9dica seguiu-se a idade de ouro do hindu\u00EDsmo e da literatura cl\u00E1ssica em s\u00E2nscrito, o Imp\u00E9rio M\u00E1uria (a partir de 320 a.C.) e os reinos m\u00E9dios da \u00CDndia. Com base em teorias formadas a partir de estudos lingu\u00EDsticos, a maioria dos estudiosos ocidentais pressup\u00F5em que povos de l\u00EDngua indo-ariana migraram para a \u00CDndia setentrional, numa onda inicial da expans\u00E3o indo-ariana a partir da \u00C1sia Central. Ainda segundo esta teoria, os indo-arianos foram amalgamados com os resqu\u00EDcios do que teoricamente se chama civiliza\u00E7\u00E3o do Vale do Indo de maneira a gerar a civiliza\u00E7\u00E3o v\u00E9dica. Os estudiosos divergem ao discutir se a migra\u00E7\u00E3o para o subcontinente indiano foi pac\u00EDfica ou violenta (invas\u00E3o)."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . "De vedische tijd is de periode in de geschiedenis van Zuid-Azi\u00EB waarin de Veda's ontstonden. De Veda's werden aanvankelijk mondeling overgedragen door de barden en priesters van stammen die aan het begin van de vedische periode het noordwesten van het Indisch Subcontinent bewoonden en vedisch Sanskriet, een Indo-Arische taal, spraken. Hun cultuur kenmerkte zich door een sterk belang van offerrituelen, een duidelijke sociale hi\u00EBrarchie binnen de stam en het gebruik van het Sanskriet in riten."@nl . . . . . . . "La civilt\u00E0 vedica \u00E8 la cultura associata al popolo che compose i testi religiosi conosciuti come Veda, nel subcontinente indiano. Il territorio allora occupato da quella civilt\u00E0 corrisponde all'attuale regione del Punjab, tra India e Pakistan, alla Provincia della Frontiera del Nord Ovest del Pakistan e alla maggior parte dell'India settentrionale. Secondo la maggioranza degli studiosi, la civilt\u00E0 vedica si svilupp\u00F2 nel II e nel I millennio a.C., sebbene la tradizione ind\u00F9 proponga una data pi\u00F9 remota, nel VI millennio a.C. Il sanscrito vedico e la religione vedica persistettero fino al VI secolo a.C., quando la cultura cominci\u00F2 a trasformarsi nelle forme classiche dell'induismo. Questo periodo della storia dell'India \u00E8 conosciuto come Era Vedica. Nella sua fase tarda (a partire dal 700 a.C.), assistette al sorgere dei Mahajanapadas (i sedici grandi regni indiani dell'Et\u00E0 del Ferro); all'Era Vedica segu\u00EC l'Et\u00E0 dell'Oro dell'induismo e della letteratura classica in sanscrito, ossia il periodo dell'Impero Maurya (a partire dal 325 a.C.) e dei regni medi dell'India. Sulla base di prove linguistiche, la maggioranza degli studiosi ritiene che popoli di lingua indo-ariana migrarono verso l'India settentrionale, nell'ondata iniziale dell'espansione indo-iraniana a partire dall'Asia centrale. Quindi, secondo questa teoria, gli Indo-Ariani si sarebbero amalgamati con i superstiti della civilt\u00E0 della valle dell'Indo dando appunto origine alla civilt\u00E0 vedica. Gli studiosi divergono tuttavia sulla questione se la migrazione verso il subcontinente indiano abbia avuto carattere pacifico o violento (invasione)."@it . . . . . "Civilt\u00E0 vedica"@it . . . . . . . . . "Okres wedyjski"@pl . . "El per\u00EDode v\u00E8dic (o era v\u00E8dica) \u00E9s el per\u00EDode en qu\u00E8 es van compondre els Vedes, els textos sagrats m\u00E9s antics dels indoaris. Basant-se en l'evid\u00E8ncia liter\u00E0ria, els estudiosos situen aquesta \u00E8poca en el per\u00EDode que va des de finals del mil\u00B7lenni II aC, i mitjans del mil\u00B7lenni I aC, fins al segle vi aC. La cultura relacionada amb aquest per\u00EDode, de vegades anomenada \u00ABcultura v\u00E8dica\u00BB, est\u00E0 centrada en les zones nord i nord-oest del subcontinent indi. La seva fase m\u00E9s antiga va veure la formaci\u00F3 de diversos regnes.En la seva fase m\u00E9s moderna (des del 600 aC) va veure l'auge de les petites rep\u00FAbliques mahajanapades, que van ser succe\u00EFdes per l'Imperi Maurya (des de ca. anys 320 aC), l'edat d'or, l'era cl\u00E0ssica de la i els regnes mitjans de l'\u00CDndia."@ca . . . . . . . "right"@en . . . . . . . . . "Okres wedyjski \u2013 okres, w kt\u00F3rym powstawa\u0142y Wedy, najstarsze \u015Bwi\u0119te ksi\u0119gi hinduizmu. Uczeni umiejscawiaj\u0105 ten okres mi\u0119dzy drugim a pierwszym tysi\u0105cleciem p.n.e. a\u017C do VI wieku p.n.e., bazuj\u0105c na dowodach pi\u015Bmiennych."@pl . "\u30F4\u30A7\u30FC\u30C0\u6642\u4EE3\uFF08Vedic period\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u53F2\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30D0\u30E9\u30E2\u30F3\u6559\u306E\u7D4C\u5178\u300C\u30F4\u30A7\u30FC\u30C0\u300D\u304C\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002 \u30A2\u30FC\u30EA\u30E4\u4EBA\u304C\u30AC\u30F3\u30B8\u30B9\u5DDD\u6D41\u57DF\u306B\u62E1\u5927\u3092\u7D42\u3048\u305F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D500\u5E74\u3054\u308D\u307E\u3067\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u300C\u524D\u671F\u30F4\u30A7\u30FC\u30C0\u6642\u4EE3\u300D\uFF08\u7D00\u5143\u524D1500 - 1000\u5E74\u3054\u308D\uFF09\u3068\u300C\u5F8C\u671F\u30F4\u30A7\u30FC\u30C0\u6642\u4EE3\u300D\uFF08\u7D00\u5143\u524D1000 - \u524D500\u5E74\u3054\u308D\u307E\u3067\uFF09\u306E2\u671F\u306B\u5927\u304D\u304F\u5206\u304B\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u8A73\u7D30\u306F\u300C\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u300D\u3092\u53C2\u7167"@ja . "0"^^ . "Bedeutung des Veda"@de . . "0"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Garai vedikoa (edo aro vedikoa) Vedak moldatu zituzten garaia da, indo-arioen testu sakraturik zaharrenak direnak. Literatura-ikerketak egin ondoren, adituek eta K.a. 327 artekotzat jotzen dute garaia. Garaiko kultura, batzutan \u00ABkultura vedikoa\u00BB deitua, Indiako azpikontinenteko iparraldean eta ipar-mendebaldean garatu zuten. Hasierako aldian (Indo haraneko kulturaren ondorengoa) zenbait erresuma sortu zituzten eta modernoagoan, K.a. 600 urte ingurutik aurrera, izeneko hamasei erresumak eta Maurya Inperioa (K.a. 310etik aurrera). Inperiokoa sanskritozko literaturaren urrezko aroa izan zen."@eu . "Die Bedeutung des Veda (Veda, w\u00F6rtlich: Wissen) ist in vielen Richtungen des Hinduismus sehr gro\u00DF. Viele Schriften des Hinduismus nehmen auf ihn Bezug, auch in Form von Kommentaren. Die genaue Abgrenzung, welche Texte zum Veda geh\u00F6ren, ist strittig. Manchmal werden auch die sp\u00E4teren hinduistischen Schriften, wie die Puranas oder Agamas als \u201Evedische Literatur\u201C bezeichnet. Der Veda selbst gilt als von Weisen \u201Egeh\u00F6rtes\u201C Wissen (Shruti) und genie\u00DFt h\u00F6chste Autorit\u00E4t.Bei den Veden (im engeren Sinne) handelt es sich um Texte, die urspr\u00FCnglich m\u00FCndlich \u00FCber Jahrhunderte in Sanskrit in Form von Liedern und Rezitationen \u00FCberliefert und erst sp\u00E4ter ab dem 5. Jahrhundert n. Chr. schriftlich erfasst wurden. Im 19. Jahrhundert \u00FCbersetzten Indologen wie Max M\u00FCller sie in verschiedene europ\u00E4ische Sprach"@de . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F"@ru . . . "Jako v\u00E9dsk\u00E9 obdob\u00ED se ozna\u010Duje \u00E9ra v d\u011Bjin\u00E1ch Indie (p\u0159esn\u011Bji severn\u00EDho a\u017E severoz\u00E1padn\u00EDho \u00FAzem\u00ED Indick\u00E9ho subkontinentu), ve kter\u00E9 vznikaly V\u00E9dy, nejstar\u0161\u00ED posv\u00E1tn\u00E9 texty hinduismu. Obdob\u00ED zapo\u010Dalo n\u011Bkdy v polovin\u011B 2. tis\u00EDcilet\u00ED p\u0159. n. l. a trvalo zhruba tis\u00EDc let. Pokr\u00FDv\u00E1 pozdn\u00ED dobu bronzovou a ranou dobu \u017Eeleznou, respektive \u00E9ru kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED Kuru, Harappsk\u00E9 kultury a za\u010D\u00E1tek obdob\u00ED, kter\u00E9mu odborn\u00EDci n\u011Bkdy \u0159\u00EDkaj\u00ED druh\u00E1 urbanizace. Zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00EDc\u00EDm pojmem je t\u00E9\u017E n\u011Bkdy v\u00E9dsk\u00E1 nebo indo\u00E1rijsk\u00E1 civilizace. Samotn\u00E9 V\u00E9dy obsahuj\u00ED podrobnosti o \u017Eivot\u011B v tomto obdob\u00ED a jsou pova\u017Eov\u00E1ny za pom\u011Brn\u011B hodnov\u011Brn\u00FD historick\u00FD zdroj. P\u0159edstavuj\u00ED hlavn\u00ED n\u00E1stroj pro porozum\u011Bn\u00ED obdob\u00ED, vedle archeologick\u00FDch n\u00E1lez\u016F. V\u00E9dsk\u00E1 spole\u010Dnost byla patriarch\u00E1ln\u00ED a patriline\u00E1ln\u00ED. \u010Casn\u00E1 v\u00E9dsk\u00E1 spole\u010Dnost, s centrem v Pa\u0148d\u017E\u00E1"@cs . . "Late Vedic period, Kuru Kingdom, Panchala, Videha"@en . . . . "La Veda periodo (a\u016D Veda epoko) (\u0109. 1750\u2013500 a.K.) estis la periodo en la Historio de Hindio dum kiu estis komponitaj la Vedoj, nome la antikvaj sanktaj libroj de Hinduismo. La precizaj da\u016Drodatoj de la periodo estas necertaj. Filologiaj kaj lingvistika pruvaro indikas, ke Rigvedo, nome la plej antikva el la Vedoj, estis komponita inter \u0109irka\u016D 1700 kaj 1100 a.K., anka\u016D referencata kiel komenca Veda periodo."@eo . "21476772"^^ . . . . "Vedic period"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u043E\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043C\u0430\u044F \u0441 \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438. \u0411\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044E \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u043E\u0442 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u0445\u043E\u0442\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043A VII \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044E \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0430\u043B \u0443\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043E V \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u044B \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430."@ru . . . . "Jako v\u00E9dsk\u00E9 obdob\u00ED se ozna\u010Duje \u00E9ra v d\u011Bjin\u00E1ch Indie (p\u0159esn\u011Bji severn\u00EDho a\u017E severoz\u00E1padn\u00EDho \u00FAzem\u00ED Indick\u00E9ho subkontinentu), ve kter\u00E9 vznikaly V\u00E9dy, nejstar\u0161\u00ED posv\u00E1tn\u00E9 texty hinduismu. Obdob\u00ED zapo\u010Dalo n\u011Bkdy v polovin\u011B 2. tis\u00EDcilet\u00ED p\u0159. n. l. a trvalo zhruba tis\u00EDc let. Pokr\u00FDv\u00E1 pozdn\u00ED dobu bronzovou a ranou dobu \u017Eeleznou, respektive \u00E9ru kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED Kuru, Harappsk\u00E9 kultury a za\u010D\u00E1tek obdob\u00ED, kter\u00E9mu odborn\u00EDci n\u011Bkdy \u0159\u00EDkaj\u00ED druh\u00E1 urbanizace. Zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00EDc\u00EDm pojmem je t\u00E9\u017E n\u011Bkdy v\u00E9dsk\u00E1 nebo indo\u00E1rijsk\u00E1 civilizace. Samotn\u00E9 V\u00E9dy obsahuj\u00ED podrobnosti o \u017Eivot\u011B v tomto obdob\u00ED a jsou pova\u017Eov\u00E1ny za pom\u011Brn\u011B hodnov\u011Brn\u00FD historick\u00FD zdroj. P\u0159edstavuj\u00ED hlavn\u00ED n\u00E1stroj pro porozum\u011Bn\u00ED obdob\u00ED, vedle archeologick\u00FDch n\u00E1lez\u016F. V\u00E9dsk\u00E1 spole\u010Dnost byla patriarch\u00E1ln\u00ED a patriline\u00E1ln\u00ED. \u010Casn\u00E1 v\u00E9dsk\u00E1 spole\u010Dnost, s centrem v Pa\u0148d\u017E\u00E1bu, m\u011Bla sp\u00ED\u0161e kmenovou strukturu. Kolem 1200\u20131000 p\u0159. n. l. se kultura roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159ila na v\u00FDchod k \u00FArodn\u00E9 z\u00E1padn\u00ED Ganze. Osvojila si \u017Eelezn\u00E9 n\u00E1stroje, kter\u00E9 umo\u017Enily t\u011B\u017Ebu d\u0159eva a p\u0159ijet\u00ED usazen\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDho zem\u011Bd\u011Blsk\u00E9ho zp\u016Fsobu \u017Eivota. Druh\u00E1 polovina v\u00E9dsk\u00E9ho obdob\u00ED byla charakterizov\u00E1na vznikem m\u011Bst, kr\u00E1lovskou spole\u010Denskou strukturou, komplexn\u00ED soci\u00E1ln\u00ED diferenciac\u00ED a vznikem t\u0159\u00EDd (z\u00E1rodek kast) a kodifikac\u00ED br\u00E1hmansk\u00E9ho ob\u011Btn\u00EDho ritu\u00E1lu zvan\u00E9ho \u015Brauta (soub\u011B\u017En\u011B se podle n\u011Bkter\u00FDch indolog\u016F vyvinula alternativn\u00ED nebrahm\u00E1nsk\u00E1 duchovn\u00ED tradice zvan\u00E1 \u015Brama\u1E47a, na \u00FAzem\u00ED budouc\u00EDho kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED Magadha, kter\u00E1 byla v\u00EDce ne\u017E na ritu\u00E1l soust\u0159ed\u011Bna na vnit\u0159n\u00ED stavy a osvobozen\u00ED, z kter\u00E9\u017Eto zeminy pozd\u011Bji vze\u0161el buddhismus). V\u00E9dsk\u00E1 tradice a br\u00E1hm\u00E1nsk\u00E1 ortodoxie daly na po\u010D\u00E1tku dal\u0161\u00ED \u00E9ry vzej\u00EDt kulturn\u00ED synt\u00E9ze zvan\u00E9 hinduismus. Archeologov\u00E9 popisuj\u00ED v\u00E9dsk\u00E9 obdob\u00ED pojmy jako kultura gandh\u00E1rsk\u00FDch hrob\u016F, kultura \u010Dern\u011B a \u010Derven\u011B malovan\u00E9 keramiky nebo kultura \u0161ed\u011B malovan\u00E9 keramiky."@cs . . . . . . . . "\"Indigenous Aryans\""@en . "Per\u00EDode v\u00E8dic"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "Early Vedic period"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5420\u9640\u6587\u5316\uFF08\u7EA6\u516C\u5143\u524D1500\u5E74\u2014\u524D500\u5E74\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u5420\u9640\u7D93\u5178\u6240\u8BB0\u8F7D\u548C\u53CD\u6620\u7684\u5370\u5EA6\u5386\u53F2\u65F6\u671F\u6587\u5316\u3002\u900F\u904E\u5420\u9640\u7D93\u5178\u7684\u53E4\u68B5\u6587\u53F2\u6599\uFF0C\u6240\u8B02\u7684\u5420\u9640\u7D93\u5178\u5373\u6307\u56DB\u5420\u9640\u2014\u2014\u68A8\u4FF1\u5420\u9640\u3001\u5A11\u6469\u5420\u9640\u3001\u591C\u67D4\u5420\u9640\u3001\u963F\u95E5\u5A46\u5420\u9640\uFF0C\u52A0\u4E0A\u68B5\u66F8\u548C\u5967\u7FA9\u66F8\u53C8\u7A31\u516D\u5420\u9640\u3002\u53E4\u4EE3\u5370\u5EA6\u7531\u3001\u8FBE\u7F57\u6BD7\u837C\u4EBA\u53CA\u53E4\u5370\u5EA6\u4EBA\u7B49\u591A\u65CF\uFF0C\u9010\u6F38\u5F62\u6210\u5176\u601D\u60F3\u8207\u6587\u5316\u3002\u7576\u6642\uFF0C\u7531\u53E4\u5370\u5EA6\u5A46\u7F85\u9580\u4E3B\u5BB0\u7684\u793E\u6703\u5F62\u6210\u5420\u9640\u6587\u5316\uFF0C\u4E26\u5EF6\u7E8C\u53E4\u5A46\u7F85\u9580\u6559\u3002\u5420\u9640\u6587\u5316\u53CD\u6620\u7576\u6642\u5370\u5EA6\u4EBA\u65E5\u5E38\u751F\u6D3B\u7684\u5BEB\u7167\u4EE5\u53CA\u4EBA\u5011\u5C0D\u795E\u9748\u5929\u4E0A\u7684\u7F8E\u597D\u56AE\u5F80\uFF0C\u5F8C\u671F\u7684\u5420\u9640\u601D\u60F3\u51FA\u73FE\u63D0\u5021\u9152\u7684\u6587\u5316\uFF0C\u958B\u59CB\u9F13\u52F5\u4EBA\u5011\u98F2\u9152\uFF0C\u5F8C\u671F\u5A46\u7F85\u9580\u6559\u5F92\u7684\u796D\u53F8\u5011\u751A\u81F3\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u98F2\u9152\u53EF\u4EE5\u8B93\u4EBA\u7372\u5F97\u89E3\u812B\u3001\u91CD\u65B0\u56DE\u5230\u5927\u68B5\u5929\u8207\u68B5\u6211\u5408\u4E00\u7684\u6700\u4F73\u65B9\u6CD5\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A civiliza\u00E7\u00E3o v\u00E9dica - segundo o que consta nos Vedas, foi a civiliza\u00E7\u00E3o que floresceu na regi\u00E3o do subcontinente indiano e tinha como base de sua cultura (tanto material quanto espiritualmente), os princ\u00EDpios que hoje podemos encontrar nos textos v\u00E9dicos. O territ\u00F3rio ent\u00E3o ocupado por aquela civiliza\u00E7\u00E3o corresponde ao atual Panjabe, na \u00CDndia e Paquist\u00E3o, \u00E0 Caiber Paquetuncu\u00E1 (Paquist\u00E3o) e \u00E0 maior parte da \u00CDndia setentrional."@pt . . . . . . "Die Bedeutung des Veda (Veda, w\u00F6rtlich: Wissen) ist in vielen Richtungen des Hinduismus sehr gro\u00DF. Viele Schriften des Hinduismus nehmen auf ihn Bezug, auch in Form von Kommentaren. Die genaue Abgrenzung, welche Texte zum Veda geh\u00F6ren, ist strittig. Manchmal werden auch die sp\u00E4teren hinduistischen Schriften, wie die Puranas oder Agamas als \u201Evedische Literatur\u201C bezeichnet. Der Veda selbst gilt als von Weisen \u201Egeh\u00F6rtes\u201C Wissen (Shruti) und genie\u00DFt h\u00F6chste Autorit\u00E4t.Bei den Veden (im engeren Sinne) handelt es sich um Texte, die urspr\u00FCnglich m\u00FCndlich \u00FCber Jahrhunderte in Sanskrit in Form von Liedern und Rezitationen \u00FCberliefert und erst sp\u00E4ter ab dem 5. Jahrhundert n. Chr. schriftlich erfasst wurden. Im 19. Jahrhundert \u00FCbersetzten Indologen wie Max M\u00FCller sie in verschiedene europ\u00E4ische Sprachen. Diese \u00DCbersetzungen sind unter orthodoxen Hindus nicht unumstritten, da der Veda als un\u00FCbersetzbar gilt. Aufgrund der in gedruckter Form vorliegenden \u00DCbersetzungen wurde der Veda auch in Indien unter Hindus bekannter, als dies in fr\u00FCheren Zeiten je der Fall war. In der heutigen religi\u00F6sen Praxis spielen nicht alle Teile des Veda eine gleich gro\u00DFe Rolle. In den \u00E4lteren Teilen, insbesondere im Rigveda, sind viele Rituale oder Opfer beschrieben, die sp\u00E4ter an Bedeutung verloren \u2013 wie das Pferdeopfer (ashvamedha) \u2013 oder die Verehrung der Gottheiten Varuna und Agni und das Trinken und die Verehrung von Soma. Andere Hymnen fanden Eingang in die Ritualwelt der Hindus, wo sie in den Pujas (Andachten) zusammen mit Hymnen in der jeweiligen Landessprache gesungen werden."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Vedic period, or the Vedic age (c.\u20091500 \u2013 c.\u2009500 BCE), is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (ca. 1300\u2013900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley civilisation and a second urbanisation, which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain c.\u2009600 BCE. The Vedas are liturgical texts which formed the basis of modern day Hinduism, which also developed in the Kuru Kingdom. The Vedas contain details of life during this period that have been interpreted to be historical and constitute the primary sources for understanding the period. These documents, alongside the corresponding archaeological record, allow for the evolution of the Vedic culture to be tr"@en . . . . . . "\"roots\""@en . . . . . . . . . . "De vedische tijd is de periode in de geschiedenis van Zuid-Azi\u00EB waarin de Veda's ontstonden. De Veda's werden aanvankelijk mondeling overgedragen door de barden en priesters van stammen die aan het begin van de vedische periode het noordwesten van het Indisch Subcontinent bewoonden en vedisch Sanskriet, een Indo-Arische taal, spraken. Hun cultuur kenmerkte zich door een sterk belang van offerrituelen, een duidelijke sociale hi\u00EBrarchie binnen de stam en het gebruik van het Sanskriet in riten. De Veda's vormen zowel de belangrijkste bronnen over de Indo-Ari\u00EBrs als hun grootste culturele verrichting en hebben tot op heden grote invloed op de religie en cultuur van India. Hoewel het lastig is historische feiten van mythologie te scheiden, geven de teksten een duidelijk beeld van de vedische maatschappij en ontwikkelingen. De Indo-Ari\u00EBrs waren mogelijk veehouders die door het bezit van paarden en strijdwagens een militair overwicht op de oorspronkelijke bevolking hadden. De Veda's geven de indruk van conflicten om vee, zowel tussen Indo-Arische stammen onderling als met anderen. In deze Samhitaperiode lag de nadruk op de deva's of goden waaraan lofverzen werden opgedragen uit de Samhita's, de oudste delen uit de Veda's. De drie doelen van het vedische leven (trivarga) waren dharma (normen), (rijkdom) en kama (plezier). Rond 1000 v.Chr. vestigden de Indo-Ari\u00EBrs zich in vaste nederzettingen om landbouw te bedrijven en zo vond een overgang plaats van een semi-nomadische krijgerssamenleving naar een agrarische samenleving. De focus verschoof van de Samhita's naar de Brahmana's met de brahmanistische rituele offers (yajna's) waarmee de goden in toom gehouden konden worden. Daarmee verkregen de brahmana's meer macht ten opzichte van de kshattriya's, de krijgers en heersers, overigens zonder wereldlijke macht naar zich toe te trekken. In deze periode ontwikkelde zich het Indische kastenstelsel. De vedische cultuur verspreidde zich in deze periode verder oostwaarts over de Gangesvlakte en zuidwaarts naar Malwa en Gujarat. Met name in de Gangesvlakte ontstonden steden, waar omheen in de latere vedische periode rond 700-500 v.Chr. de eerste proto-staatjes ontstonden, de janapada's. Deze overgang van een landbouwsamenleving naar een meer stedelijke samenleving ging gepaard met sociale en religieuze veranderingen. De brahmanen konden hier maar een beperkt antwoord op vinden. Zo ontstond een mystieke tegenbeweging van op zoek naar het innerlijk en de verlossing van deze cyclus. Dat betekende overigens niet dat er sprake was van een volledige overgang. Buiten de stedelijke gebieden waar de nieuwe onzekerheden geen rol speelden, bleef er behoefte aan de oude vormen. Dit kon spanningen veroorzaken tussen de stedelijke elite en de landelijke bevolking. Zo ontstonden de meer filosofisch getinte Upanishads. Vanaf deze tijd waren samsara, karma en moksa centrale begrippen in de Indische filosofie en religie. De uitbreiding van de doelen van het leven met moksa maakte van de trivarga de caturvarga of purusartha. Bestudering van de Veda's leidde tot het ontstaan van de Indische filosofie en de antieke Indische wetenschap. Gedurende de klassieke periode groeide de kritiek tegen de geheime rituelen met de offers en werden de Veda's verworpen door sceptische, maar vooral materialistische bewegingen. Dit werden de nee-zeggers of , charvaka, het boeddhisme en het ja\u00EFnisme. Dit alles had een brahmanistische tegenreactie tot gevolg waarbij de kritiek van de nastika's gepareerd werd door de astika's, de zes darsana's, nyaya, vaisheshika, samkhya, yoga, mimamsa en vedanta, waarmee dit een rijke filosofische periode was."@nl . . "Periode Weda atau Zaman Weda adalah periode ketika Weda sedang dikumpulkan, sekitar pertengahan milenium kedua sampai pertengahan milenium pertama SM. Kebudayaan yang muncul pada periode ini, dikenal sebgai Peradaban Weda, berpusat di bagian barat laut anak benua India. Secara kronologis, fase awal periode ini terjadi bersamaan dengan sedangkan fase akhirnya bersamaan dengan kebangkitan Mahajanapadas, kerajaan Indo-Arya awal di India. Setelah periode Weda berakhir, muncul zaman Kekaisaran Maurya (ca. 320 SM), ."@in . . . . . "Late Vedic period"@en . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0406\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043E \u0430\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u044E\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0449\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0456\u0457\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u2014 \u0456\u043D\u0434\u043E\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0457\u0432. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0412\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u043A \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043C\u0456\u0449\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 \u0432\u0456\u0434 5 - 6 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0434\u043E 2 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435., \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0447\u0456 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0406\u043D\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D, \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0447\u043E\u043A \u0413\u0430\u043D\u0433, \u0406\u043D\u0434, \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0456, \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C . \u0410\u043B\u0435 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 1900 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438 \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043E\u0445\u043B\u0430, \u0456 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043F\u043E \u0457\u0457 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F . \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0456\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u2014 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 600 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 320 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0406\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440"@uk . . . "\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Periodo v\u00E9dico"@es . . . "El per\u00EDode v\u00E8dic (o era v\u00E8dica) \u00E9s el per\u00EDode en qu\u00E8 es van compondre els Vedes, els textos sagrats m\u00E9s antics dels indoaris. Basant-se en l'evid\u00E8ncia liter\u00E0ria, els estudiosos situen aquesta \u00E8poca en el per\u00EDode que va des de finals del mil\u00B7lenni II aC, i mitjans del mil\u00B7lenni I aC, fins al segle vi aC. La cultura relacionada amb aquest per\u00EDode, de vegades anomenada \u00ABcultura v\u00E8dica\u00BB, est\u00E0 centrada en les zones nord i nord-oest del subcontinent indi."@ca . . . . . . "Garai vedikoa (edo aro vedikoa) Vedak moldatu zituzten garaia da, indo-arioen testu sakraturik zaharrenak direnak. Literatura-ikerketak egin ondoren, adituek eta K.a. 327 artekotzat jotzen dute garaia. Garaiko kultura, batzutan \u00ABkultura vedikoa\u00BB deitua, Indiako azpikontinenteko iparraldean eta ipar-mendebaldean garatu zuten. Hasierako aldian (Indo haraneko kulturaren ondorengoa) zenbait erresuma sortu zituzten eta modernoagoan, K.a. 600 urte ingurutik aurrera, izeneko hamasei erresumak eta Maurya Inperioa (K.a. 310etik aurrera). Inperiokoa sanskritozko literaturaren urrezko aroa izan zen."@eu . "El per\u00EDodo v\u00E9dico (o era v\u00E9dica) es el per\u00EDodo en el que se compusieron los Vedas, los textos sagrados m\u00E1s antiguos de los indoarios, que se comprende entre el final de la civilizaci\u00F3n del valle del Indo y la segunda urbanizaci\u00F3n, que comienza en la zona central de la llanura indogang\u00E9tica. Bas\u00E1ndose en evidencia literaria, los cient\u00EDficos ubican esta \u00E9poca entre el a\u00F1o 1500 a. C. y el a\u00F1o 500 A. C. La cultura relacionada con este periodo, a veces llamada \u00ABcultura v\u00E9dica\u00BB, est\u00E1 centrada en las zonas norte y noroeste del subcontinente indio.Su fase m\u00E1s antigua vio la formaci\u00F3n de varios reinos.En su fase m\u00E1s moderna (desde el 600 a. C.) vio el auge de los 16 peque\u00F1os reinos Majayanapadas, y que fueron sucedidos por el Imperio mauria (desde ca. 320 a. C.) la edad de oro, la era cl\u00E1sica de la literatura s\u00E1nscrita, y los reinos medios de la India."@es . . . . "Garai vediko"@eu . . . . . . . "note"@en . . .