. . "\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064A\u0629 (\u0623\u062F\u0628)"@ar . "Der Roman ist eine literarische Gattung, und zwar die Langform der schriftlichen Erz\u00E4hlung. Das Wort Roman ist ein Lehnwort aus dem Franz\u00F6sischen und bedeutet \u201EErz\u00E4hlung in Versen oder Prosa\u201C. Es l\u00F6ste im 17. Jahrhundert das Wort Historie ab, das bis dahin die unter diese Gattung fallenden Werke bezeichnet hatte. Auch verstand man ab dem 17. Jahrhundert nur noch in Prosa abgefasste Schriften als \u201ERoman\u201C. Der Plural \u201ERomane\u201C wurde erst im 18. Jahrhundert gebr\u00E4uchlich."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u0420\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0436\u0430\u043D\u0440, \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u0443 \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0437 \u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0435 \u0438 \u043D\u044B\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u044D\u043F\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044B, \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u044C \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0436\u0430 \u0441 \u0435\u0451 \u0432\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u0431\u043E\u0440\u044C\u0431\u043E\u0439, \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u043A \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043B\u0443. \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0443\u0442\u044B\u043C \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043E \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043E\u044F (\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0435\u0432) \u0432 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0439, \u043D\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438, \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0451\u043C\u043E\u043C, \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439."@ru . . . "A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, typically written in prose and published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the Italian: novella for \"new\", \"news\", or \"short story of something new\", itself from the Latin: novella, a singular noun use of the neuter plural of novellus, diminutive of novus, meaning \"new\". Some novelists, including Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Ann Radcliffe, John Cowper Powys, preferred the term \"romance\" to describe their novels."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062B \u062A\u064F\u0633\u0631\u062F \u0628\u0633\u0631\u062F \u0646\u062B\u0631\u064A \u0637\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u064A\u0635\u0641 \u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0627\u062A \u062E\u064A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062B\u0627\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062A\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062C\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062C\u0645 \u0648\u062A\u0639\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0648\u062A\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062B\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062C\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064B \u0623\u062F\u0628\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0624\u062B\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0643\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0639\u062A\u0645\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062F \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062D\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0623\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062C\u062F\u0644 \u0648\u062A\u063A\u0630\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u062F\u0627\u062B."@ar . . . . . . . . . "O termo romance (do latim romanice: \"em l\u00EDngua rom\u00E2nica\", atrav\u00E9s do proven\u00E7al romans) pode referir-se a dois g\u00EAneros liter\u00E1rios. O primeiro deles \u00E9 uma composi\u00E7\u00E3o po\u00E9tica popular, hist\u00F3rica ou l\u00EDrica, transmitida pela tradi\u00E7\u00E3o oral, sendo geralmente de autor an\u00F4nimo; corresponde aproximadamente \u00E0 balada medieval. Como forma liter\u00E1ria moderna, o termo designa uma composi\u00E7\u00E3o em prosa."@pt . . . "\u00DArsc\u00E9al"@ga . . . . "Rom\u00E1n je rozs\u00E1hl\u00FD epick\u00FD (vypr\u00E1v\u011Bc\u00ED) liter\u00E1rn\u00ED \u017E\u00E1nr, \u0159azen\u00FD mezi fikci a ve sv\u00E9 modern\u00ED podob\u011B t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 v\u017Edy prozaick\u00FD, jen m\u00E1lokdy ver\u0161ovan\u00FD. Jedn\u00E1 se o velmi mnohotv\u00E1rn\u00FD, vnit\u0159n\u011B rozporn\u00FD a neoby\u010Dejn\u011B prom\u011Bnliv\u00FD \u017E\u00E1nr s otev\u0159enou strukturou. Rom\u00E1n m\u016F\u017Ee m\u00EDt t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 jak\u00E9koliv t\u00E9ma a pou\u017E\u00EDvat r\u016Fznorod\u00E9 liter\u00E1rn\u00ED postupy, badatel\u00E9 proto \u010Dasto tvrd\u00ED, \u017Ee nen\u00ED mo\u017En\u00E9 ur\u010Dit \u017E\u00E1dn\u00FD typicky rom\u00E1nov\u00FD rys nebo podat st\u00E1lou a vy\u010Derp\u00E1vaj\u00EDc\u00ED definici tohoto \u017E\u00E1nru. Michail Michajlovi\u010D Bachtin, v\u00FDznamn\u00FD rusk\u00FD teoretik rom\u00E1nu, ozna\u010Dil ve 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ED rom\u00E1n za \u201Ejedin\u00FD \u017E\u00E1nr, kter\u00FD se dosud vyv\u00EDj\u00ED a utv\u00E1\u0159\u00ED\u201C. Krom\u011B estetick\u00E9 funkce m\u016F\u017Ee plnit i r\u016Fzn\u00E9 dal\u0161\u00ED: didaktickou, publicistickou, filosofickou a jin\u00E9."@cs . "Eleberria edo nobela prosan egindako narrazio luzea da, orokorrean fikziozko gertaerak kontatzen dituena. Dena den, zaila da mota guztietako generoak eta formak batzen dituen definizioa eratzea. XVIII. mendera arte, nobela amodiozko eta intrigazko narrazio motza izaten zen, erromantze epiko luzeari kontrajarria. Baina mende horretan, erromantzearen ezaugarriak hartzen joan zen, literaturako genero nagusia bihurtu arte."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u9577\u7DE8\u5C0F\u8AAC"@ja . . . . . "Novel"@en . . . . . . . . . "Le roman est un genre litt\u00E9raire caract\u00E9ris\u00E9 essentiellement par une narration fictionnelle et dont la premi\u00E8re apparition peut \u00EAtre dat\u00E9e du XIIe si\u00E8cle. Initialement \u00E9crit en vers qui jouent sur les assonances, il est \u00E9crit en prose d\u00E8s le XIIe si\u00E8cle et se distingue du conte ou de l'\u00E9pop\u00E9e par sa vocation \u00E0 \u00EAtre lu individuellement et non \u00E9cout\u00E9. Dynamique au XVIIIe si\u00E8cle, le roman devient le genre litt\u00E9raire dominant \u00E0 partir du xixe si\u00E8cle et pr\u00E9sente aujourd'hui un grand nombre de sous-genres."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u9577\u7DE8\u5C0F\u8AAC\u30FB\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAC\uFF08\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3078\u3093\u3057\u3087\u3046\u305B\u3064\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u6587\u5B66\u5F62\u5F0F\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3002"@ja . "A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, typically written in prose and published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the Italian: novella for \"new\", \"news\", or \"short story of something new\", itself from the Latin: novella, a singular noun use of the neuter plural of novellus, diminutive of novus, meaning \"new\". Some novelists, including Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Ann Radcliffe, John Cowper Powys, preferred the term \"romance\" to describe their novels. According to Margaret Doody, the novel has \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years\", with its origins in the Ancient Greek and Roman novel, in Chivalric romance, and in the tradition of the Italian renaissance novella. The ancient romance form was revived by Romanticism, especially the historical romances of Walter Scott and the Gothic novel. Some, including M. H. Abrams and Walter Scott, have argued that a novel is a fiction narrative that displays a realistic depiction of the state of a society, while the romance encompasses any fictitious narrative that emphasizes marvellous or uncommon incidents. Works of fiction that include marvellous or uncommon incidents are also novels, including The Lord of the Rings, To Kill a Mockingbird, and Frankenstein. \"Romances\" are works of fiction whose main emphasis is on marvellous or unusual incidents, and should not be confused with the romance novel, a type of genre fiction that focuses on romantic love. Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji, an early 11th-century Japanese text, has sometimes been described as the world's first novel based on its early use of the experience of intimacy in a narrative form, but there is considerable debate over this \u2014 there were certainly long fictional prose works that preceded it. Spread of printed books in China led to the appearance of classical Chinese novels by the Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644) and Qing dynasty (1616-1911). An early example from Europe was written in Muslim Spain by the Sufi writer Ibn Tufayl entitled Hayy ibn Yaqdhan. Later developments occurred after the invention of the printing press. Miguel de Cervantes, author of Don Quixote (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era. Literary historian Ian Watt, in The Rise of the Novel (1957), argued that the modern novel was born in the early 18th century. Recent technological developments have led to many novels also being published in non-print media: this includes audio books, web novels, and ebooks. Another non-traditional fiction format can be found in some graphic novels. While these comic book versions of works of fiction have their origins in the 19th century, they have only become popular more recently."@en . . . . . "Eleberri"@eu . . . . . . . . . "\u5C0F\u8AAC"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC7A5\uD3B8 \uC18C\uC124"@ko . . . . . . . "\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ANovel\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u7BC7\u5E45\u957F\u3001\u5185\u5BB9\u591A\u7684\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3002\u572817\u4E16\u7D00\uFF0C\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u8207\u548C\u6B77\u96AA\u50B3\u5947\u6587\u5B78\u3001\u77ED\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3001\u4E2D\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u7684\u5B9A\u7FA9\u5F88\u63A5\u8FD1\uFF0C\u73FE\u4ECA\u300C\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u300D\u4E00\u8A5E\u5DF2\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u5B83\u5011\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u610F\u601D\u3002\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u662F\u8F03\u9577\u7684\u6558\u4E8B\u865B\u69CB\u4F5C\u54C1\uFF0C\u662F\u4EE5\u6563\u6587\u7684\u6587\u5B57\u5F62\u5F0F\u8868\u73FE\uFF0C\u4EE5\u56FE\u4E66\u767C\u884C\u3002\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u7684\u82F1\u6587\u6E90\u81EA\u7FA9\u5927\u5229\u8A9E\uFF1Anovella\uFF0C\u610F\u601D\u662F\u300C\u65B0\u300D\u3001\u300C\u65B0\u805E\u300D\u6216\u300C\u65B0\u7684\u5C0F\u6545\u4E8B\u300D\u3002 \u4F9D\u7167\u7684\u5B9A\u7FA9\uFF0C\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u6709\u300C\u9023\u7E8C\u4E14\u751F\u52D5\u7684\u6B77\u53F2\uFF0C\u9577\u9054\u7D04\u4E8C\u5343\u5E74\u300D\uFF0C\u5176\u6839\u6E90\u53EF\u4EE5\u8FFD\u6EAF\u5230\u548C\u53E4\u7F57\u9A6C\u6587\u5B66\u3001\u9A91\u58EB\u6587\u5B66\u4EE5\u53CA\u7FA9\u5927\u5229\u6587\u85DD\u5FA9\u8208\u4E2D\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u7684\u50B3\u7D71\u3002\u6709\u4E9B\u5C0F\u8AAA\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u7EB3\u6492\u5C3C\u5C14\u00B7\u970D\u6851\u3001\u8D6B\u5C14\u66FC\u00B7\u6885\u5C14\u7EF4\u5C14\u3001\u5B89\u00B7\u62C9\u5FB7\u514B\u5229\u592B\u3001\u5C07\u5176\u4F5C\u54C1\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u50B3\u5947\u5C0F\u8AAA\u300D\uFF08Romances\uFF09\u3002\u53E4\u4EE3\u50B3\u5947\u5C0F\u8AAA\u7684\u578B\u5F0F\u5728\u6D6A\u6F2B\u4E3B\u4E49\u6642\u518D\u6B21\u51FA\u73FE\u7684\uFF0C\u7279\u5225\u662F\u6C83\u5C14\u7279\u00B7\u53F8\u5404\u7279\u7684\u548C\u54E5\u7279\u5C0F\u8BF4\u3002\u6709\u4E9B\u5C0F\u8AAA\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982M. H. Abrams\u548C\u6C83\u5C14\u7279\u00B7\u53F8\u5404\u7279\uFF0C\u8A8D\u70BA\u5C0F\u8AAA\u662F\u7528\u865B\u69CB\u7684\u6558\u4E8B\u65B9\u5F0F\u91DD\u5C0D\u793E\u6703\u73FE\u5BE6\u72C0\u614B\u7684\u523B\u5283\uFF0C\u800C\u50B3\u5947\u5C0F\u8AAA\u5305\u62EC\u4E86\u5F37\u8ABF\u795E\u5947\u548C\u4E0D\u5C0B\u5E38\u4E8B\u4EF6\u7684\u865B\u69CB\u6558\u8FF0\u3002\u6709\u4E9B\u5305\u62EC\u4E86\u795E\u5947\u6216\u662F\u4E0D\u5C0B\u5E38\u4E8B\u4EF6\u7684\u865B\u69CB\u4F5C\u54C1\u4E5F\u662F\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u300A\u9B54\u6212\u300B\u3001\u300A\u6740\u6B7B\u4E00\u53EA\u77E5\u66F4\u9E1F\u300B\u548C\u300A\u79D1\u5B78\u602A\u4EBA\u300B\u3002\u50B3\u5947\u5C0F\u8AAA\u662F\u5F37\u8ABF\u795E\u5947\u548C\u4E0D\u5C0B\u5E38\u4E8B\u4EF6\u7684\u865B\u69CB\u4F5C\u54C1\uFF0C\u96D6\u7136\u6709Romances\u5B57\u773C\uFF0C\u4F46\u548C\u5F37\u8ABF\u6D6A\u6F2B\u611B\u60C5\u7684\u611B\u60C5\u5C0F\u8AAA\uFF08romance novel\uFF09\u4E0D\u540C\u3002 \u65E5\u672C\u7D2B\u5F0F\u90E8\u7684\u300A\u6E90\u6C0F\u7269\u8A9E\u300B\u662F11\u4E16\u7D00\u7684\u4F5C\u54C1\uFF0C\u6709\u4E9B\u4EBA\u4E5F\u5C07\u6B64\u66F8\u7A31\u70BA\u5168\u4E16\u754C\u7B2C\u4E00\u672C\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\uFF0C\u4E0D\u904E\u9019\u90E8\u4EFD\u4ECD\u6709\u722D\u8B70\uFF0C\u5728\u6B64\u66F8\u4E4B\u524D\u4E5F\u6709\u4E0D\u5C11\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3002\u4E2D\u570B\u5728\u660E\u671D\uFF081368\u5E74-1644\u5E74\uFF09\u4E5F\u51FA\u73FE\u4E86\u56DB\u5927\u540D\u8457\u3002\u6B50\u6D32\u65E9\u671F\u7684\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u4F5C\u54C1\u662F\u8607\u975E\u4E3B\u7FA9\u4F5C\u5BB6\u4F0A\u672C\u00B7\u56FE\u8D39\u52D2\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300A\u54C8\u4E49\u00B7\u672C\u00B7\u53F6\u683C\u8D5E\u7684\u6545\u4E8B\u300B\u3002\u5F8C\u4F86\u5728\u5370\u5237\u8853\u666E\u53CA\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u4E5F\u51FA\u73FE\u4E86\u66F4\u591A\u768A\u5C0F\u8AAA\uFF0C\u50CF\u662F\u7C73\u683C\u5C14\u00B7\u5FB7\u00B7\u585E\u4E07\u63D0\u65AF\u5275\u4F5C\u4E86\u300A\u5802\u5409\u8BC3\u5FB7\u300B\uFF08\u7B2C\u4E00\u90E8\u4EFD\u662F1605\u5E74\u6240\u8457\uFF09\uFF0C\u5E38\u7A31\u70BA\u662F\u8FD1\u4EE3\u53F2\u4E0A\u6700\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u6B50\u6D32\u5C0F\u8AAA\u5BB6\u3002\u6587\u5B78\u6B77\u53F2\u5BB6\u5728The Rise of the Novel\uFF081957\u5E74\uFF09\u4E00\u66F8\u4E2D\uFF0C\u8A8D\u70BA\u73FE\u4EE3\u7684\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u662F\u5F9E\u5341\u516B\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u958B\u59CB\u7684\u3002"@zh . "Roman \u00E4r en popul\u00E4r sk\u00F6nlitter\u00E4r form som best\u00E5r av en l\u00E4ngre ber\u00E4ttelse p\u00E5 prosa. Tillsammans med novellen, sagan och eposet, utg\u00F6r romanen den litter\u00E4ra genren epik inom sk\u00F6nlitteraturen. Romaner publiceras vanligen som tryckta b\u00F6cker som \u00E4r indelade i kapitel eller delar. Romaner framst\u00E4ller fiktioner och kan delas in i genrer s\u00E5som detektivroman, science fiction-roman, historisk roman och k\u00E4rleksroman. Kortroman \u00E4r ett kortare romanverk. Estetiska studier av romaner kallas narratologi eller ."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC7A5\uD3B8\uC18C\uC124(\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA, novel)\uC740 \uC18C\uC124 \uC911 \uBD84\uB7C9\uC774 \uD2B9\uD788 \uB9CE\uC73C\uBA70, \uAD6C\uC870\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC7A5\uB300\uD55C \uAC83\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC778\uC1C4 \uAE30\uC220\uC758 \uBC1C\uB2EC\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uD06C\uAC8C \uBC1C\uC804\uD588\uC73C\uBA70, \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uCC45\uC73C\uB85C \uCD9C\uD310\uB41C\uB2E4. \uAC90\uC9C0\uBAA8\uB178\uAC00\uD0C0\uB9AC\uB294 11\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08\uC758 \uC77C\uBCF8 \uC18C\uC124\uB85C \uC7A5\uD3B8\uC18C\uC124\uC758 \uD6A8\uC2DC\uB85C \uBB18\uC0AC\uB418\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uAC00 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC778\uC1C4\uB41C \uCC45\uC758 \uD655\uC0B0\uC740 \uBA85\uB098\uB77C(1368-1644)\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC911\uAD6D \uACE0\uC804 \uC18C\uC124\uC758 \uCD9C\uD604\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uB3C8\uD0A4\uD638\uD14C\uC758 \uC791\uAC00\uC778 \uBBF8\uAC94 \uB370 \uC138\uB974\uBC18\uD14C\uC2A4\uB294 \uADFC\uB300\uC758 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC720\uB7FD \uC18C\uC124\uAC00\uB85C \uC778\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uCD5C\uADFC\uC758 \uAE30\uC220 \uBC1C\uC804\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC624\uB514\uC624\uBD81, \uC6F9\uC18C\uC124, \uC804\uC790\uCC45 \uB4F1 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC18C\uC124\uC774 \uBE44\uC778\uC1C4 \uB9E4\uCCB4\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uCD9C\uD310\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB610 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBE44\uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC778 \uD53D\uC158 \uD615\uC2DD\uC740 \uC77C\uBD80 \uADF8\uB798\uD53D \uC18C\uC124\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC3E\uC544\uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC18C\uC124 \uC791\uD488\uB4E4\uC758 \uB9CC\uD654\uCC45 \uBC84\uC804\uC740 19\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \uADF8 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC744 \uB450\uACE0 \uC788\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uADF8\uAC83\uB4E4\uC740 \uCD5C\uADFC\uC5D0\uC57C \uC778\uAE30\uB97C \uC5BB\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D"@uk . . . . . . . . . "Il romanzo un genere della narrativa scritto in prosa. Origini e caratteristiche fondanti del romanzo sono argomento di dibattito tra gli studiosi. Certamente si pu\u00F2 affermare che una premessa importante del romanzo moderno \u00E8 da individuare nella prima produzione in lingua d'o\u00EFl (XI secolo): le narrazioni in versi di questa tradizione, sia che recuperassero temi greco-romani sia che rielaborassero temi cavallereschi (cicli bretone e carolingio), venivano indicate gi\u00E0 allora con il termine roman."@it . . . . "Roman \u00E4r en popul\u00E4r sk\u00F6nlitter\u00E4r form som best\u00E5r av en l\u00E4ngre ber\u00E4ttelse p\u00E5 prosa. Tillsammans med novellen, sagan och eposet, utg\u00F6r romanen den litter\u00E4ra genren epik inom sk\u00F6nlitteraturen. Romaner publiceras vanligen som tryckta b\u00F6cker som \u00E4r indelade i kapitel eller delar. Romaner framst\u00E4ller fiktioner och kan delas in i genrer s\u00E5som detektivroman, science fiction-roman, historisk roman och k\u00E4rleksroman. Kortroman \u00E4r ett kortare romanverk. Estetiska studier av romaner kallas narratologi eller ."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . "Romano estas literatura eposa proza verko, konsistanta el longa rakonto pri image elpensitaj a\u016D aran\u011Ditaj faktoj. Romano estas moderna formo de eposo, sed distinge de popola eposo, kie persono kaj popolanimo estas neapartigeblaj, la romano priskribas la vivon de persono kaj socian vivon kiel sendependajn reala\u0135ojn. Plej ofte la romano utiligas du ingrediencojn: rolulo kaj medio, ekzemple Don Ki\u0125oto de la Man\u0109o, Robinsono kaj lia insulo ktp. Romanoj povas esti: biografiaj, aventuraj, detektivaj, hororaj, sciencfikciaj. La vorto romano devenas de la vorto romanz, kiun oni uzis en Francio ekde la 12-a jarcento parolante pri verkoj skribitaj en popola lingvo (lingua romana) a\u016D latinida kaj ne en la latina. Romano estas literatura verko en prozo en kiu oni rakontas fikcian agadon \u0109u tute \u0109u parte kies celo estas okazigi estetikan plezuron al la legantoj per priskribo de interesaj okaza\u0135oj a\u016D epizodoj, krom de roluloj, pasioj kaj kutimoj. Aliaj difinoj, kiaj tiu de la hispanlingva vortaro de la Real Academia Espa\u00F1ola, \u011Denerale parolas pri simple \"literatura rakonta verko de ia etendo\" a\u016D pri \"literatura rakonto \u011Denro kiu, kun anta\u016Da\u0135o \u0109e la greklatina antikveco, disvolvi\u011Das el la Moderna Epoko\". La romano distingi\u011Das pro sia malferma karaktero kaj sia kapablo enhavi diversegajn elementojn en kompleksa rakonto. Tiu malferma karaktero permesas al a\u016Dtoroj grandan liberecon por enmeti rolulojn, krucigitajn historiojn a\u016D subigitajn rakonterojn unu rilate al alia, prezenti faktojn en diferenca ordo al tiu en kiu okazis la rakonta\u0135oj a\u016D inkludi en la rakonto tekstojn de diversa naturo: leteroj, administraj dokumentoj, legendoj, poemoj, ktp. Kompreneble tio \u0109io okazas \u0109efe dum la 20-a jarcento anta\u016Den. Tio havigas al la romana \u011Denro pli grandan kompleksecon ol tiu prezentita de la aliaj rakontaj sub\u011Denroj kiaj la novelo, la rakonto, la anekdoto, ktp."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u039C\u03C5\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C1\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1"@el . . . . "Powie\u015B\u0107"@pl . . . . . . . . "Novel\u00B7la"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Is ioma\u00ED ciall a bhaintear as an bhfocal \u00FArsc\u00E9al, agus is ioma\u00ED leabhar agus alt at\u00E1 scr\u00EDofa faoi. Go tipici\u00FAil, \u00E1fach, is sc\u00E9al fada eipici\u00FAil \u00E9 an t-\u00FArsc\u00E9al a bhfuil idir phlota agus laochra ann, agus na laochra curtha i l\u00E1thair ar bhealach indibhidi\u00FAil, ionas gur f\u00E9idir iad a aithint thar a ch\u00E9ile agus comhionann\u00FA a dh\u00E9anamh leo. Ma\u00EDtear gur cine\u00E1l nua litr\u00EDochta \u00E9 a th\u00E1inig chun cinn tar \u00E9is an Renaissance, agus gurbh \u00E9 Don Quixote (a ndearna an tAthair Peadar Ua Laoghaire leagan giorraithe Gaeilge de faoin teideal Don C\u00EDoch\u00F3tae), a scr\u00EDobh an Sp\u00E1inneach Miguel de Cervantes sa s\u00E9\u00FA haois d\u00E9ag, an ch\u00E9ad \u00FArsc\u00E9al de r\u00E9ir mar a thuigimid an t\u00E9arma inniu. Ina dhiaidh sin bhl\u00E1thaigh an se\u00E1nra ar feadh na gc\u00E9adta bliain \u00F3 shin, go h\u00E1irithe as Fraincis, as R\u00FAisis, agus as B\u00E9arla. Deirtear freisin, \u00E1fach, go raibh \u00FArsc\u00E9alta \u00E1 scr\u00EDobh roimhe sin f\u00E9in, agus luaitear leabhair shean\u00E1rsa mar fhianaise, ar n\u00F3s Satyricon, a scr\u00EDobh comhairleoir an Impire Nero, , timpeall na bliana 61 i ndiaidh bhreith Chr\u00EDost. Is \u00E9 an sainmh\u00EDni\u00FA is simpl\u00ED is f\u00E9idir a thabhairt ar \u00FArsc\u00E9al n\u00E1 saothar ficsin ina bhfuil aontas plota agus carachtar agus \u00E9 fada go leor le cur i gcl\u00F3 mar leabhar. \u00C1ir\u00EDtear gurb \u00E9 Deora\u00EDocht (1904) le P\u00E1draic \u00D3 Conaire an ch\u00E9ad \u00FArsc\u00E9al nua-aimseartha Gaeilge. Is sc\u00E9al \u00E9 faoi dheora\u00ED \u00C9ireannach i Londain agus na heachtra\u00ED a bhain d\u00F3 tar \u00E9is d\u00F3 c\u00FApla ceann d\u00E1 gh\u00E9aga a chailleadh i dtimpiste. Sc\u00E9al dorcha duairc traig\u00E9ideach is ea \u00E9, agus is iad na pr\u00EDomhth\u00E9ama\u00ED at\u00E1 ann n\u00E1 coimhth\u00EDos an phr\u00EDomhcharachtair roimh an domhan agus an fhearg at\u00E1 air leis. Leabhar an-nua-aimseartha \u00ED a chuir t\u00FAs fi\u00FAntach le litr\u00EDocht chomhaimseartha na Gaeilge. T\u00E1 siad ann a deir gurb \u00E9 S\u00E9adna leis an Athair Peadar Ua Laoghaire an ch\u00E9ad \u00FArsc\u00E9al Gaeilge, ach le f\u00EDrinne, bh\u00ED an tAthair Peadar an oiread sin i ngeimhle na sc\u00E9ala\u00EDochta traidisi\u00FAnta is n\u00E1r \u00E9irigh leis a leabhar a phlot\u00E1il mar ba ch\u00F3ir don \u00FArsc\u00E9al. Is f\u00E9idir a r\u00E1 gurb \u00E9 seo pr\u00EDomhfhadhb na pr\u00F3slitr\u00EDochta Gaeilge sa l\u00E1 at\u00E1 inniu f\u00E9in ann. Dh\u00EDrigh cuid mhaith d'\u00FArsc\u00E9alaithe na Gaeilge ar l\u00E9iri\u00FA id\u00E9alach maoithneach a thabhairt ar shaol na Gaeltachta, daoine ar n\u00F3s P\u00E1draig \u00D3g \u00D3 Conaire, Se\u00E1n \u00D3 Ruadh\u00E1in, S\u00E9amus \u00D3 Grianna agus scr\u00EDbhneoir\u00ED Gaeltachta eile. Thug scr\u00EDbhneoir\u00ED eile, Piaras B\u00E9asla\u00ED, \u00C9amonn Mac Giolla Iasachta, agus faoi nithe seachas t\u00EDrghr\u00E1 agus saol traidisi\u00FAnta na tuaithe a l\u00E9iri\u00FA ach ba bheag an rath a bh\u00ED ar a gcuid iarrachta\u00ED agus is beag duine a l\u00E9ann a saothar anois. Carachtair gan doimhneacht a bhfuil a saol faoi thionchar na bpiseog, na dtairngreachta\u00ED agus an tseanchais a bh\u00ED i sc\u00E9alta Sh\u00E9amais U\u00ED Ghrianna an chuid is m\u00F3. San \u00FArsc\u00E9al is fearr a scr\u00EDobh s\u00E9, Bean Ruadh de Dh\u00E1lach (1966) tugann s\u00E9 cur s\u00EDos ar bhean a fh\u00E1gann sl\u00E1n ag an d\u00FAchas agus a th\u00E9ann a bealach f\u00E9in, duine neamhsple\u00E1ch l\u00E1idir at\u00E1 bre\u00E1 \u00E1balta seasamh in aghaidh sheanghn\u00E1tha a muintire. Ba \u00E9 dearth\u00E1ir Sh\u00E9amais, Seosamh Mac Grianna, \u00E1fach, an t\u00E9 a scr\u00EDobh an saothar ba mh\u00F3 indibhidi\u00FAlachta i l\u00E1r na haoise seo caite, agus \u00E9 go m\u00F3r faoi thionchar Ph\u00E1draic U\u00ED Chonaire. Is \u00E9 An Druma M\u00F3r, a th\u00E1inig ar p\u00E1r sa bhliain 1934 ach n\u00E1r foils\u00EDodh go dt\u00ED 1969, an t-\u00FArsc\u00E9al is t\u00E1bhachta\u00ED \u00F3 pheann Sheosaimh, l\u00E9argas ar bhaile beag tuaithe agus \u00E9 ag dul i ngleic leis na hathraithe polaiti\u00FAla agus cult\u00FArtha a th\u00E1inig le gluaiseacht na saoirse, agus carachtair r\u00E9ad\u00FAla ann a nochtann a laige agus a neart. Th\u00E1inig M\u00E1irt\u00EDn \u00D3 Cadhain chun cinn mar scr\u00EDbhneoir i ndeireadh na 1930id\u00ED, agus \u00E1ir\u00EDtear a \u00FArsc\u00E9al Cr\u00E9 na Cille ar an saothar pr\u00F3is is cumasa\u00ED a scr\u00EDobhadh sa Ghaeilge lena linn. \u00DArsc\u00E9al is ea \u00E9 a thugann l\u00E9argas ar theannais sh\u00F3isialta na Gaeltachta tr\u00EDna gcur \u00E1 gcard\u00E1il ag marbh\u00E1in na reilige, agus iad ag cur is ag c\u00FAiteamh go deo na ndeor faoin saol a bh\u00ED acu sula bhfuair siad b\u00E1s. Chuirfeadh s\u00E9 an chuid is fearr de litr\u00EDocht Mheirice\u00E1 Theas i gcuimhne duit. Is f\u00E9idir cuid de na sc\u00E9alta fada leis a foils\u00EDodh i gcnuasaigh ghearrsc\u00E9alta a \u00E1ireamh mar \u00FArsc\u00E9alta chomh maith, go h\u00E1irithe Fu\u00EDoll Fuine, eachtra fir a bhfuil a bhean d\u00EDreach tar \u00E9is b\u00E1s a fh\u00E1il. \u00DArsc\u00E9ala\u00ED eile a bh\u00ED i S\u00E9amus \u00D3 N\u00E9ill, a rinne iarracht saol na cathrach a l\u00E9iri\u00FA ach n\u00E1r \u00E9irigh leis carachtair s\u00E1ch domhain a chruth\u00FA, agus Tarlach \u00D3 hUid, scr\u00EDbhneoir ionraic a bh\u00ED teoranta \u00F3 thaobh na teanga agus na samhla\u00EDochta de. Is \u00E9 an t-\u00FArsc\u00E9al is fearr le S\u00E9amus \u00D3 N\u00E9ill n\u00E1 M\u00E1ire Nic Art\u00E1in. Sc\u00E9al gr\u00E1 \u00E9 a thugann cur s\u00EDos ar chleamhnas agus ph\u00F3sadh an chail\u00EDn Chaitlicigh agus an bhuachalla Phrotast\u00FAnaigh i socha\u00ED dheighilte an Tuaiscirt, agus d'fh\u00E9adfa\u00ED \u00E9 a chur i gcompar\u00E1id leis na h\u00FArsc\u00E9alta don aos \u00F3g a chum an scr\u00EDbhneoir Albanach Joan Lingard faoi Kevin agus Sadie. \u00DArsc\u00E9alta doimhne machnamhacha iad N\u00E9al Maidine agus Tine O\u00EDche(1964), agus An Branar gan Cur(1979) a scr\u00EDobh Breand\u00E1n \u00D3 Doibhlin. Thug Eoghan \u00D3 Tuairisc faoin \u00FArsc\u00E9al stairi\u00FAil i L'Attaque, s\u00E1rinsint ar eachtra\u00ED feirmeora as Maigh Eo a ghlacann p\u00E1irt in \u00C9ir\u00ED Amach 1798, agus D\u00E9 Luain (1966) iarracht ar an ch\u00E9ad l\u00E1 d'\u00C9ir\u00ED Amach na C\u00E1sca 1916 a athchruth\u00FA tr\u00ED shruthanna machnaimh na bpr\u00EDomhcharachtar. Is \u00E9 Fonn a N\u00EDos Fiach (1978) an saothar is fearr de chuid Ph\u00E1draig U\u00ED Mhaoileoin, fear a scr\u00EDobh Br\u00EDde Bh\u00E1n freisin. Scr\u00EDbhneoir Gaeltachta \u00F3 Chiarra\u00ED ab ea P\u00E1draig, ach Gaeltacht eile ar fad a thaispe\u00E1in s\u00E9 ina chuid leabhar seachas Gaeltacht Pheig agus an Oile\u00E1naigh. Bh\u00ED gaol dl\u00FAth aige leis an Oile\u00E1nach, agus chuir s\u00E9 an leabhar An tOile\u00E1nach f\u00E9in in eagar le haghaidh gl\u00FAin nua l\u00E9itheoir\u00ED. T\u00E1 saothar an scr\u00EDbhneora Diarmaid \u00D3 S\u00FAilleabh\u00E1in an-d\u00FAshl\u00E1nach, go h\u00E1irithe Caoin t\u00FA F\u00E9in (1967), An Uain Bheo (1968), Maeld\u00FAn (1972) agus L\u00E1 Bre\u00E1 Gr\u00E9ine Bu\u00ED (1984). Chuaigh an S\u00FAilleabh\u00E1nach i ngleic leis an saol comhaimseartha agus \u00E9 faoi thionchar mh\u00F3rscr\u00EDbhneoir\u00ED a linne san Eoraip. Scr\u00EDobh S\u00E9amas Mac Annaidh tr\u00ED \u00FArsc\u00E9al comhaimseartha ina bhfuil measc\u00E1n den ghreann chomhfheasach agus den dianl\u00E9argas ar shaol a linne. Cuaifeach mo Londubh Bu\u00ED an ch\u00E9ad cheann agus an ceann is fearr acu. Scr\u00EDobh Alan Titley tr\u00ED \u00FArsc\u00E9al, an ch\u00E9ad cheann an-chasta ar fad, Meirscr\u00ED na Treibhe. Is sc\u00E9al uaf\u00E1is faoi chanablaigh i mBaile \u00C1tha Cliath \u00E9 Stiall Fhial Feola, agus is \u00FArsc\u00E9al stairi\u00FAil \u00E9 An Fear D\u00E1na. Maidir leis na h\u00FArsc\u00E9alaithe Gaeilge a chuaigh i mbun pinn le d\u00E9ana\u00ED, is d\u00F3cha gurb \u00E9 Joe Steve \u00D3 Neachtain an duine is t\u00E1bhachta\u00ED acu. Bhain s\u00E9 amach a ch\u00E1il ina scriptscr\u00EDbhneoir don tsobalsc\u00E9al teilif\u00EDse Ros na R\u00FAn, ach ansin, d'fhoilsigh s\u00E9 cnuasach gearrsc\u00E9alta (Clochmh\u00F3in) agus, ina dhiaidh sin, dh\u00E1 \u00FArsc\u00E9al sol\u00E9ite, Scread Mhaidine agus L\u00E1mh L\u00E1idir."@ga . . . . . "Novela"@es . . . . . "( \uB2E4\uB978 \uB73B\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC18C\uC124 (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uC18C\uC124(\u5C0F\u8AAA)\uC740 \uC0AC\uAC74\uC744 \uBBF8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC9C8\uC11C\uD654\uD558\uC5EC \uD1B5\uC77C\uC801\uC778 \uC758\uBBF8\uAC00 \uAD6C\uD604\uB420 \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uC0B0\uBB38\uC73C\uB85C \uC11C\uC220\uD55C \uC11C\uC0AC \uBB38\uC608\uC774\uB2E4. \uAC74\uCD95\uCC98\uB7FC \uC778\uBB3C\u00B7\uC0AC\uAC74\u00B7\uBC30\uACBD\uC744 \uAD6C\uC870\uC801 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC694\uC18C\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uD5C8\uAD6C\uC801\uC778 \uC11C\uC0AC \uBB38\uC608\uC778 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC778\uB958\uC0AC\uC801 \uBCF4\uD3B8\uC131\uC744 \uB2F4\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC18C\uC124\uC77C\uC218\uB85D \uC0DD\uBA85\uB825\uC774 \uAC15\uD55C \uACBD\uD5A5\uC774 \uC788\uACE0 \uC774\uB7F0 \uC18C\uC124\uC740 '\uACE0\uC804'\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBA85\uBA85\uB418\uBA70 \uC624\uB798\uB3C4\uB85D \uC77D\uD78C\uB2E4. \uC18C\uC124\uC740 \uC11C\uC0AC\uC2DC\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uB2EC\uD55C \uC774\uC57C\uAE30 \uC4F0\uAE30 \uD615\uD0DC\uB85C \uBCF4\uC774\uBA70, \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC774\uC57C\uAE30\uB97C \uC4F0\uB294 \uC791\uAC00\uB97C \uC18C\uC124\uAC00\uB77C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uD754\uD788 \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC601\uC5B4\uC758 Novel\uC744 \uC18C\uC124\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uAC04\uB2E8\uD788 \uBC88\uC548\uD558\uC5EC \uC18C\uC124 \uC804\uBC18\uC744 \uBC94\uCE6D\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC5C4\uBC00\uD55C \uC758\uBBF8\uC5D0\uC11C Novel\uC740 \uADFC\uB300 \uC7A5\uD3B8\uC18C\uC124\uC744 \uC9C0\uCE6D\uD558\uB294 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uC774\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC18C\uC124 \uC804\uBC18\uC744 \uC544\uC6B0\uB974\uB294 \uBC94\uC6A9\uC5B4\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uAE30\uC5D0\uB294 \uC801\uC808\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB2E4. \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uB9CE\uC774 \uC4F0\uC774\uB294 \uB2E8\uD3B8\uC18C\uC124\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 Novel \uB300\uC2E0 Short Story\uB77C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC911\uD3B8\uC18C\uC124\uC740 \uC774\uD0DC\uB9AC\uC5B4\uC778 Novella\uB97C \uC4F4\uB2E4. Novel\uC640 Novella\uB294 \u2018\uC774\uC57C\uAE30\u2019\uC640 \u2018\uC18C\uC2DD\u2019\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC758\uBBF8\uB97C \uAC16\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "( \uB2E4\uB978 \uB73B\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC18C\uC124 (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uC18C\uC124(\u5C0F\u8AAA)\uC740 \uC0AC\uAC74\uC744 \uBBF8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC9C8\uC11C\uD654\uD558\uC5EC \uD1B5\uC77C\uC801\uC778 \uC758\uBBF8\uAC00 \uAD6C\uD604\uB420 \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uC0B0\uBB38\uC73C\uB85C \uC11C\uC220\uD55C \uC11C\uC0AC \uBB38\uC608\uC774\uB2E4. \uAC74\uCD95\uCC98\uB7FC \uC778\uBB3C\u00B7\uC0AC\uAC74\u00B7\uBC30\uACBD\uC744 \uAD6C\uC870\uC801 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC694\uC18C\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uD5C8\uAD6C\uC801\uC778 \uC11C\uC0AC \uBB38\uC608\uC778 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC778\uB958\uC0AC\uC801 \uBCF4\uD3B8\uC131\uC744 \uB2F4\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC18C\uC124\uC77C\uC218\uB85D \uC0DD\uBA85\uB825\uC774 \uAC15\uD55C \uACBD\uD5A5\uC774 \uC788\uACE0 \uC774\uB7F0 \uC18C\uC124\uC740 '\uACE0\uC804'\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBA85\uBA85\uB418\uBA70 \uC624\uB798\uB3C4\uB85D \uC77D\uD78C\uB2E4. \uC18C\uC124\uC740 \uC11C\uC0AC\uC2DC\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uB2EC\uD55C \uC774\uC57C\uAE30 \uC4F0\uAE30 \uD615\uD0DC\uB85C \uBCF4\uC774\uBA70, \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC774\uC57C\uAE30\uB97C \uC4F0\uB294 \uC791\uAC00\uB97C \uC18C\uC124\uAC00\uB77C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uD754\uD788 \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC601\uC5B4\uC758 Novel\uC744 \uC18C\uC124\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uAC04\uB2E8\uD788 \uBC88\uC548\uD558\uC5EC \uC18C\uC124 \uC804\uBC18\uC744 \uBC94\uCE6D\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC5C4\uBC00\uD55C \uC758\uBBF8\uC5D0\uC11C Novel\uC740 \uADFC\uB300 \uC7A5\uD3B8\uC18C\uC124\uC744 \uC9C0\uCE6D\uD558\uB294 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uC774\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC18C\uC124 \uC804\uBC18\uC744 \uC544\uC6B0\uB974\uB294 \uBC94\uC6A9\uC5B4\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uAE30\uC5D0\uB294 \uC801\uC808\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB2E4. \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uB9CE\uC774 \uC4F0\uC774\uB294 \uB2E8\uD3B8\uC18C\uC124\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 Novel \uB300\uC2E0 Short Story\uB77C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC911\uD3B8\uC18C\uC124\uC740 \uC774\uD0DC\uB9AC\uC5B4\uC778 Novella\uB97C \uC4F4\uB2E4. Novel\uC640 Novella\uB294 \u2018\uC774\uC57C\uAE30\u2019\uC640 \u2018\uC18C\uC2DD\u2019\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC758\uBBF8\uB97C \uAC16\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC601\uC5B4\uAD8C \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uC18C\uC124\uC740 60,000 ~ 200,000\uAC1C\uC758 \uB2E8\uC5B4 \uB610\uB294 300 ~ 1,300\uCABD\uC758 \uAE38\uC774\uB85C \uC911\uD3B8, \uB2E8\uD3B8, \uCF69\uD2B8\uB85C \uAD6C\uBCC4\uB41C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC7A5\uD3B8, \uC911\uD3B8, \uB2E8\uD3B8 \uBAA8\uB450 \uC18C\uC124\uB85C \uBD84\uB958\uD55C\uB2E4. \uD76C\uACE1\uC774\uB098 \uC6B4\uBB38\uC5D0 \uBE44\uD574 \uAD6C\uC131\uBA74\uC774\uB098 \uC74C\uB960\uBA74\uC5D0\uC11C \uC81C\uD55C\uC744 \uBC1B\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4. \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uC18C\uC124\uC740 \uADF8 \uC18D\uC5D0 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uD558\uB294 \uC778\uBB3C\uB4E4\uACFC \uADF8\uB4E4\uC774 \uC77C\uC0C1\uC0DD\uD65C\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC8C\uC774\uB294 \uD589\uC704\uB97C \uB2E4\uB8E8\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Powie\u015B\u0107 \u2013 gatunek literatury pi\u0119knej, utw\u00F3r narracyjny, opisuj\u0105cy zwykle rozbudowany ci\u0105g zdarze\u0144. Podstawowym elementem powie\u015Bci s\u0105: wielow\u0105tkowa fabu\u0142a, obejmuj\u0105ca historie licznych bohater\u00F3w i \u015Brodowisk spo\u0142ecznych, a tak\u017Ce \u015Bwiat przedstawiony zgodny z wiedz\u0105 autora. Powie\u015B\u0107 jest najcz\u0119\u015Bciej pisana proz\u0105, a styl narracji jest zale\u017Cny od autora tekstu. Cz\u0119sto spotykanymi formami wypowiedzi w powie\u015Bciach s\u0105 m.in. dialogi i mowa zale\u017Cna, a najpowszechniejszymi sposobami narracji s\u0105 trzecioosobowa lub pierwszoosobowa. Wa\u017Cn\u0105 cech\u0105 powie\u015Bci jest swobodna oraz elastyczna kompozycja, kt\u00F3ra nie narzuca formy podstawowej. Powie\u015B\u0107 mo\u017Ce by\u0107 podzielona na odpowiednie fragmenty, cz\u0119sto stosowane s\u0105 do tego celu rozdzia\u0142y. W niekt\u00F3rych wypadkach powie\u015B\u0107 wyr\u00F3\u017Cnia prolog i epilog. Stosowane s\u0105 r\u00F3wnie\u017C tomy, cz\u0119\u015Bci, czy te\u017C ksi\u0119gi. Wsp\u00F3\u0142cze\u015Bni autorzy powie\u015Bci cz\u0119sto odchodz\u0105 od form znanych w przesz\u0142o\u015Bci, eksperymentuj\u0105c z podstawowymi elementami definiuj\u0105cymi powie\u015B\u0107, takimi jak idea fabu\u0142y. Narracja takich powie\u015Bci podlega wielu rozbudowanym zabiegom stylistycznym."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La novela (del italiano novella) es una obra literaria en la que se narra una acci\u00F3n fingida en todo o en parte y cuyo fin es causar placer est\u00E9tico a los lectores con la descripci\u00F3n o pintura de sucesos o lances interesantes as\u00ED como de personajes, pasiones y costumbres, que en muchos casos sirven de insumos de la propia reflexi\u00F3n o introspecci\u00F3n. La vig\u00E9sima tercera edici\u00F3n del Diccionario de la lengua espa\u00F1ola de la Real Academia Espa\u00F1ola la define de manera m\u00E1s general como una \u00ABobra literaria narrativa de cierta extensi\u00F3n\u00BB y como un \u00ABg\u00E9nero literario narrativo que, con precedente en la Antig\u00FCedad grecolatina, se desarrolla a partir de la Edad Moderna\u00BB.\u200B La novela se distingue por su car\u00E1cter abierto y su capacidad para contener elementos diversos en un relato complejo. Este car\u00E1cter abierto ofrece al autor una gran libertad para integrar personajes, introducir historias cruzadas o subordinadas unas a otras, presentar hechos en un orden distinto a aquel en el que se produjeron o incluir en el relato textos de distinta naturaleza: cartas, documentos administrativos, leyendas, poemas, etc. Todo ello da a la novela mayor complejidad que la que presentan los dem\u00E1s subg\u00E9neros narrativos."@es . "Is ioma\u00ED ciall a bhaintear as an bhfocal \u00FArsc\u00E9al, agus is ioma\u00ED leabhar agus alt at\u00E1 scr\u00EDofa faoi. Go tipici\u00FAil, \u00E1fach, is sc\u00E9al fada eipici\u00FAil \u00E9 an t-\u00FArsc\u00E9al a bhfuil idir phlota agus laochra ann, agus na laochra curtha i l\u00E1thair ar bhealach indibhidi\u00FAil, ionas gur f\u00E9idir iad a aithint thar a ch\u00E9ile agus comhionann\u00FA a dh\u00E9anamh leo. Ma\u00EDtear gur cine\u00E1l nua litr\u00EDochta \u00E9 a th\u00E1inig chun cinn tar \u00E9is an Renaissance, agus gurbh \u00E9 Don Quixote (a ndearna an tAthair Peadar Ua Laoghaire leagan giorraithe Gaeilge de faoin teideal Don C\u00EDoch\u00F3tae), a scr\u00EDobh an Sp\u00E1inneach Miguel de Cervantes sa s\u00E9\u00FA haois d\u00E9ag, an ch\u00E9ad \u00FArsc\u00E9al de r\u00E9ir mar a thuigimid an t\u00E9arma inniu. Ina dhiaidh sin bhl\u00E1thaigh an se\u00E1nra ar feadh na gc\u00E9adta bliain \u00F3 shin, go h\u00E1irithe as Fraincis, as R\u00FAisis, agus as B\u00E9arla. Deirtear freis"@ga . . . . . . "Rom\u00E1n"@cs . . . . . . . . . . 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\u03CC\u03C1\u03BF \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0399\u03C4\u03B1\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u0391\u03BD\u03B1\u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u0395\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC\u03B4\u03B1, \u03BF \u0391\u03B4\u03B1\u03BC\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF\u03C2 \u039A\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1\u03AE\u03C2 \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BB\u03AD\u03BE\u03B7 \u03BC\u03C5\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C1\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03C5\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03B4\u03B7, \u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B8\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03B5\u03C7\u03CC\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u0399\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC, \u0395\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC, \u039A\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC, \u0391\u03C3\u03C4\u03C5\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1. (\u03BC\u03C5\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C1\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9) \u00AB\u0397 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B7 \u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AE \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03B6\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u03CC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03B1\u03C2, \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \"\u03B5\u03B3\u03CE\" (\u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03CE\u03C0\u03C9\u03BD) \u03B5\u03BE\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03BB\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B1 \u03B8\u03AD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03CD\u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2\u00BB. \u2014\u2009\u039C\u03AF\u03BB\u03B1\u03BD \u039A\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1"@el . . "1124624772"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u9577\u7DE8\u5C0F\u8AAC\u30FB\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAC\uFF08\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3078\u3093\u3057\u3087\u3046\u305B\u3064\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u6587\u5B66\u5F62\u5F0F\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . "Le roman est un genre litt\u00E9raire caract\u00E9ris\u00E9 essentiellement par une narration fictionnelle et dont la premi\u00E8re apparition peut \u00EAtre dat\u00E9e du XIIe si\u00E8cle. Initialement \u00E9crit en vers qui jouent sur les assonances, il est \u00E9crit en prose d\u00E8s le XIIe si\u00E8cle et se distingue du conte ou de l'\u00E9pop\u00E9e par sa vocation \u00E0 \u00EAtre lu individuellement et non \u00E9cout\u00E9. Dynamique au XVIIIe si\u00E8cle, le roman devient le genre litt\u00E9raire dominant \u00E0 partir du xixe si\u00E8cle et pr\u00E9sente aujourd'hui un grand nombre de sous-genres."@fr . . . . . . . "\u5C0F\u8AAA\u662F\u6587\u5B66\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u6837\u5F0F\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u63CF\u5BEB\u4EBA\u7269\u6545\u4E8B\uFF0C\u5851\u9020\u591A\u79CD\u591A\u6837\u7684\u4EBA\u7269\u5F62\u8C61\uFF0C\u4F46\u4EA6\u6709\u4F8B\u5916\u3002 \u5B83\u662F\u64C1\u6709\u4E0D\u5B8C\u6574\u5E03\u5C40\u3001\u767C\u5C55\u53CA\u4E3B\u984C\u7684\u6587\u5B78\u4F5C\u54C1\u3002 \u800C\u5C0D\u8A71\u662F\u4E0D\u662F\u5177\u6709\u9BAE\u660E\u7684\u500B\u6027\uFF0C\u6BCF\u500B\u4EBA\u7269\u8AAA\u7684\u6CA1\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\u98A8\u683C\uFF0C\u662F\u8861\u91CF\u5C0F\u8AAA\u6C34\u6E96\u7684\u4E00\u500B\u91CD\u8981\u6A19\u6E96\u3002 \u8207\u5176\u4ED6\u6587\u5B78\u6A23\u5F0F\u76F8\u6BD4\uFF0C\u5C0F\u8BF4\u7684\u5BB9\u91CF\u8F03\u5927\uFF0C\u5B83\u53EF\u4EE5\u7D30\u7DFB\u7684\u5C55\u73B0\u4EBA\u7269\u6027\u683C\u548C\u547D\u8FD0\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u8868\u73B0\u9519\u7EFC\u590D\u6742\u7684\u77DB\u76FE\u51B2\u7A81\uFF0C\u540C\u65F6\u8FD8\u53EF\u4EE5\u63CF\u8FF0\u4EBA\u7269\u6240\u5904\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u751F\u6D3B\u73AF\u5883\u3002 \u201C\u5C0F\u8BF4\u201D\u4E00\u8BCD\uFF0C\u6700\u65E9\u89C1\u4E8E\u300A\u5E84\u5B50\u00B7\u5916\u7269\u300B\uFF1A\u201C\u9970\u5C0F\u8BF4\u4EE5\u5E72\u53BF\u4EE4\uFF0C\u5176\u4E8E\u5927\u9054\u4EA6\u8FDC\u77E3\u3002\u201D\u8FD9\u91CC\u6240\u8BF4\u7684\u5C0F\u8BF4\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u7410\u788E\u7684\u8A00\u8C08\u3001\u5C0F\u7684\u9053\u7406\uFF0C\u4E0E\u73B0\u65F6\u6240\u8BF4\u7684\u5C0F\u8BF4\u76F8\u5DEE\u751A\u8FDC\u3002\u6587\u5B78\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5C0F\u8AAA\u901A\u5E38\u6307\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3001\u4E2D\u7BC7\u3001\u77ED\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u548C\u8A69\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\u3002 \u82F1\u6587\u91CC\u300CNovel\u300D\u662F\u6307\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3001\u300CFiction\u300D\u662F\u6307\u865B\u69CB\u4F5C\u54C1\uFF08\u4E0D\u9650\u65BC\u6587\u5B57\uFF09\u3001\u300CStory\u300D\u662F\u6307\u77ED\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8BF4\u3002\u4E2D\u6587\u7684\u300C\u5C0F\u8AAA\u300D\u56B4\u683C\u4F86\u8AAA\u6C92\u6709\u55AE\u4E00\u5408\u9069\u7684\u82F1\u8A9E\u55AE\u5B57\u53EF\u4EE5\u5C0D\u61C9\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u5927\u591A\u6703\u5C07Novel\u8B6F\u70BA\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "\uC7A5\uD3B8\uC18C\uC124(\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA, novel)\uC740 \uC18C\uC124 \uC911 \uBD84\uB7C9\uC774 \uD2B9\uD788 \uB9CE\uC73C\uBA70, \uAD6C\uC870\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC7A5\uB300\uD55C \uAC83\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC778\uC1C4 \uAE30\uC220\uC758 \uBC1C\uB2EC\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uD06C\uAC8C \uBC1C\uC804\uD588\uC73C\uBA70, \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uCC45\uC73C\uB85C \uCD9C\uD310\uB41C\uB2E4. \uAC90\uC9C0\uBAA8\uB178\uAC00\uD0C0\uB9AC\uB294 11\uC138\uAE30 \uCD08\uC758 \uC77C\uBCF8 \uC18C\uC124\uB85C \uC7A5\uD3B8\uC18C\uC124\uC758 \uD6A8\uC2DC\uB85C \uBB18\uC0AC\uB418\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uAC00 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC778\uC1C4\uB41C \uCC45\uC758 \uD655\uC0B0\uC740 \uBA85\uB098\uB77C(1368-1644)\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC911\uAD6D \uACE0\uC804 \uC18C\uC124\uC758 \uCD9C\uD604\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uB3C8\uD0A4\uD638\uD14C\uC758 \uC791\uAC00\uC778 \uBBF8\uAC94 \uB370 \uC138\uB974\uBC18\uD14C\uC2A4\uB294 \uADFC\uB300\uC758 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC720\uB7FD \uC18C\uC124\uAC00\uB85C \uC778\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uCD5C\uADFC\uC758 \uAE30\uC220 \uBC1C\uC804\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC624\uB514\uC624\uBD81, \uC6F9\uC18C\uC124, \uC804\uC790\uCC45 \uB4F1 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC18C\uC124\uC774 \uBE44\uC778\uC1C4 \uB9E4\uCCB4\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uCD9C\uD310\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB610 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBE44\uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC778 \uD53D\uC158 \uD615\uC2DD\uC740 \uC77C\uBD80 \uADF8\uB798\uD53D \uC18C\uC124\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC3E\uC544\uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC18C\uC124 \uC791\uD488\uB4E4\uC758 \uB9CC\uD654\uCC45 \uBC84\uC804\uC740 19\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0 \uADF8 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC744 \uB450\uACE0 \uC788\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uADF8\uAC83\uB4E4\uC740 \uCD5C\uADFC\uC5D0\uC57C \uC778\uAE30\uB97C \uC5BB\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Eleberria edo nobela prosan egindako narrazio luzea da, orokorrean fikziozko gertaerak kontatzen dituena. Dena den, zaila da mota guztietako generoak eta formak batzen dituen definizioa eratzea. XVIII. mendera arte, nobela amodiozko eta intrigazko narrazio motza izaten zen, erromantze epiko luzeari kontrajarria. Baina mende horretan, erromantzearen ezaugarriak hartzen joan zen, literaturako genero nagusia bihurtu arte."@eu . . . . . . . . . "91987"^^ . . . "\u5C0F\u8BF4"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . "Een roman is een samenhangend prozaverhaal van boeklengte over de handelingen en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling van een of meer personages, meestal in relatie met hun milieu. Romans zijn overwegend van fictionele aard en overtreffen in omvang het kort verhaal en de novelle. Het onderscheid tussen novelle en roman is niet altijd scherp aan te geven."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ANovel\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u7BC7\u5E45\u957F\u3001\u5185\u5BB9\u591A\u7684\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3002\u572817\u4E16\u7D00\uFF0C\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u8207\u548C\u6B77\u96AA\u50B3\u5947\u6587\u5B78\u3001\u77ED\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3001\u4E2D\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u7684\u5B9A\u7FA9\u5F88\u63A5\u8FD1\uFF0C\u73FE\u4ECA\u300C\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u300D\u4E00\u8A5E\u5DF2\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u5B83\u5011\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u610F\u601D\u3002\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u662F\u8F03\u9577\u7684\u6558\u4E8B\u865B\u69CB\u4F5C\u54C1\uFF0C\u662F\u4EE5\u6563\u6587\u7684\u6587\u5B57\u5F62\u5F0F\u8868\u73FE\uFF0C\u4EE5\u56FE\u4E66\u767C\u884C\u3002\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u7684\u82F1\u6587\u6E90\u81EA\u7FA9\u5927\u5229\u8A9E\uFF1Anovella\uFF0C\u610F\u601D\u662F\u300C\u65B0\u300D\u3001\u300C\u65B0\u805E\u300D\u6216\u300C\u65B0\u7684\u5C0F\u6545\u4E8B\u300D\u3002 \u4F9D\u7167\u7684\u5B9A\u7FA9\uFF0C\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u6709\u300C\u9023\u7E8C\u4E14\u751F\u52D5\u7684\u6B77\u53F2\uFF0C\u9577\u9054\u7D04\u4E8C\u5343\u5E74\u300D\uFF0C\u5176\u6839\u6E90\u53EF\u4EE5\u8FFD\u6EAF\u5230\u548C\u53E4\u7F57\u9A6C\u6587\u5B66\u3001\u9A91\u58EB\u6587\u5B66\u4EE5\u53CA\u7FA9\u5927\u5229\u6587\u85DD\u5FA9\u8208\u4E2D\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u7684\u50B3\u7D71\u3002\u6709\u4E9B\u5C0F\u8AAA\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u7EB3\u6492\u5C3C\u5C14\u00B7\u970D\u6851\u3001\u8D6B\u5C14\u66FC\u00B7\u6885\u5C14\u7EF4\u5C14\u3001\u5B89\u00B7\u62C9\u5FB7\u514B\u5229\u592B\u3001\u5C07\u5176\u4F5C\u54C1\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u50B3\u5947\u5C0F\u8AAA\u300D\uFF08Romances\uFF09\u3002\u53E4\u4EE3\u50B3\u5947\u5C0F\u8AAA\u7684\u578B\u5F0F\u5728\u6D6A\u6F2B\u4E3B\u4E49\u6642\u518D\u6B21\u51FA\u73FE\u7684\uFF0C\u7279\u5225\u662F\u6C83\u5C14\u7279\u00B7\u53F8\u5404\u7279\u7684\u548C\u54E5\u7279\u5C0F\u8BF4\u3002\u6709\u4E9B\u5C0F\u8AAA\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982M. H. Abrams\u548C\u6C83\u5C14\u7279\u00B7\u53F8\u5404\u7279\uFF0C\u8A8D\u70BA\u5C0F\u8AAA\u662F\u7528\u865B\u69CB\u7684\u6558\u4E8B\u65B9\u5F0F\u91DD\u5C0D\u793E\u6703\u73FE\u5BE6\u72C0\u614B\u7684\u523B\u5283\uFF0C\u800C\u50B3\u5947\u5C0F\u8AAA\u5305\u62EC\u4E86\u5F37\u8ABF\u795E\u5947\u548C\u4E0D\u5C0B\u5E38\u4E8B\u4EF6\u7684\u865B\u69CB\u6558\u8FF0\u3002\u6709\u4E9B\u5305\u62EC\u4E86\u795E\u5947\u6216\u662F\u4E0D\u5C0B\u5E38\u4E8B\u4EF6\u7684\u865B\u69CB\u4F5C\u54C1\u4E5F\u662F\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u300A\u9B54\u6212\u300B\u3001\u300A\u6740\u6B7B\u4E00\u53EA\u77E5\u66F4\u9E1F\u300B\u548C\u300A\u79D1\u5B78\u602A\u4EBA\u300B\u3002\u50B3\u5947\u5C0F\u8AAA\u662F\u5F37\u8ABF\u795E\u5947\u548C\u4E0D\u5C0B\u5E38\u4E8B\u4EF6\u7684\u865B\u69CB\u4F5C\u54C1\uFF0C\u96D6\u7136\u6709Romances\u5B57\u773C\uFF0C\u4F46\u548C\u5F37\u8ABF\u6D6A\u6F2B\u611B\u60C5\u7684\u611B\u60C5\u5C0F\u8AAA\uFF08romance novel\uFF09\u4E0D\u540C\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "Roman (litt\u00E9rature)"@fr . . . . . . . . . "La novel\u00B7la o roman\u00E7 \u00E9s un g\u00E8nere literari narratiu, generalment en prosa i d'una extensi\u00F3 que pot ser considerable on s'expliquen fets de ficci\u00F3 a partir d'uns personatges, una ambientaci\u00F3, un narrador i un punt de vista. Poden apar\u00E8ixer descripcions i di\u00E0legs per a embellir, aclarir o fer m\u00E9s amena l'acci\u00F3. El g\u00E8nere en si sorgeix a l'edat moderna. El mot novel\u00B7la \u00E9s un manlleu de l'itali\u00E0 novella (nova, novella). Tanmateix, l'itali\u00E0 novella designa una , una mica m\u00E9s llarga o complexa que un conte o relat, el que se sol anomenar en catal\u00E0 novel\u00B7la curta o novel\u00B7leta. En itali\u00E0, com en altres lleng\u00FCes, es destria novella de romanzo (la novel\u00B7la catalana), difer\u00E8ncia paral\u00B7lela a la del franc\u00E8s nouvelle/roman. Alguns proposen de reintroduir el terme roman\u00E7 que t\u00E9 equival\u00E8ncia en les altres lleng\u00FCes rom\u00E0niques. Les temptatives per a delimitar els dos g\u00E8neres no han estat reeixides a causa de la varietat d'opinions dels cr\u00EDtics: la majoria coincideixen que l'extensi\u00F3 m\u00EDnima d'una ha de ser d'unes 50000 paraules."@ca . . "23713433"^^ . . "La novel\u00B7la o roman\u00E7 \u00E9s un g\u00E8nere literari narratiu, generalment en prosa i d'una extensi\u00F3 que pot ser considerable on s'expliquen fets de ficci\u00F3 a partir d'uns personatges, una ambientaci\u00F3, un narrador i un punt de vista. Poden apar\u00E8ixer descripcions i di\u00E0legs per a embellir, aclarir o fer m\u00E9s amena l'acci\u00F3. El g\u00E8nere en si sorgeix a l'edat moderna. Les temptatives per a delimitar els dos g\u00E8neres no han estat reeixides a causa de la varietat d'opinions dels cr\u00EDtics: la majoria coincideixen que l'extensi\u00F3 m\u00EDnima d'una ha de ser d'unes 50000 paraules."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Roman (literatuur)"@nl . . "Roman"@sv . . "Rom\u00E1n je rozs\u00E1hl\u00FD epick\u00FD (vypr\u00E1v\u011Bc\u00ED) liter\u00E1rn\u00ED \u017E\u00E1nr, \u0159azen\u00FD mezi fikci a ve sv\u00E9 modern\u00ED podob\u011B t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 v\u017Edy prozaick\u00FD, jen m\u00E1lokdy ver\u0161ovan\u00FD. Jedn\u00E1 se o velmi mnohotv\u00E1rn\u00FD, vnit\u0159n\u011B rozporn\u00FD a neoby\u010Dejn\u011B prom\u011Bnliv\u00FD \u017E\u00E1nr s otev\u0159enou strukturou. Rom\u00E1n m\u016F\u017Ee m\u00EDt t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 jak\u00E9koliv t\u00E9ma a pou\u017E\u00EDvat r\u016Fznorod\u00E9 liter\u00E1rn\u00ED postupy, badatel\u00E9 proto \u010Dasto tvrd\u00ED, \u017Ee nen\u00ED mo\u017En\u00E9 ur\u010Dit \u017E\u00E1dn\u00FD typicky rom\u00E1nov\u00FD rys nebo podat st\u00E1lou a vy\u010Derp\u00E1vaj\u00EDc\u00ED definici tohoto \u017E\u00E1nru. Michail Michajlovi\u010D Bachtin, v\u00FDznamn\u00FD rusk\u00FD teoretik rom\u00E1nu, ozna\u010Dil ve 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ED rom\u00E1n za \u201Ejedin\u00FD \u017E\u00E1nr, kter\u00FD se dosud vyv\u00EDj\u00ED a utv\u00E1\u0159\u00ED\u201C. Krom\u011B estetick\u00E9 funkce m\u016F\u017Ee plnit i r\u016Fzn\u00E9 dal\u0161\u00ED: didaktickou, publicistickou, filosofickou a jin\u00E9. Na rozd\u00EDl od ostatn\u00EDch d\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00FDch epick\u00FDch \u017E\u00E1nr\u016F modern\u00ED literatury, pov\u00EDdky a novely, b\u00FDv\u00E1 rom\u00E1n velmi dlouh\u00FD, uv\u00E1d\u00ED se b\u011B\u017En\u00FD rozsah od 50 000 slov (200 stran) a\u017E po v\u00EDcesvazkov\u00E1 d\u00EDla (nap\u0159\u00EDklad trilogie). Jednotliv\u00E9 jeho sub\u017E\u00E1nry v\u011Bt\u0161inou b\u00FDvaj\u00ED v r\u00E1mci \u017E\u00E1nru bu\u010F tradi\u010Dn\u011B krat\u0161\u00ED (detektivn\u00ED rom\u00E1n, rom\u00E1n pro ml\u00E1de\u017E), nebo naopak enormn\u011B dlouh\u00E9 . Typick\u00FD je d\u016Fraz na hrdinovu psychologii a jeho prom\u011Bnu v pr\u016Fb\u011Bhu d\u011Bje. Rom\u00E1n tak\u00E9 b\u00FDv\u00E1 d\u011Bjov\u011B komplikovan\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED ne\u017E krat\u0161\u00ED \u017E\u00E1nry, obsahuje \u010Detn\u00E9 odbo\u010Dky a v\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED mno\u017Estv\u00ED postav, jev\u016F a ud\u00E1lost\u00ED. Po\u010D\u00E1tky rom\u00E1nu je vzhledem k rozd\u00EDln\u00FDm vymezen\u00EDm \u017E\u00E1nru mo\u017En\u00E9 hledat v r\u016Fzn\u00FDch dob\u00E1ch, p\u0159i\u010Dem\u017E existuj\u00ED dva z\u00E1kladn\u00ED n\u00E1zory na v\u011Bc. Prvn\u00ED z nich \u0159\u00EDk\u00E1, \u017Ee rom\u00E1n vznikl ve starov\u011Bku, s prap\u016Fvodem ve staroegyptsk\u00E9m p\u00EDsemnictv\u00ED a prvn\u00EDm v\u011Bt\u0161\u00EDm rozkv\u011Btem v \u0159eck\u00E9m hel\u00E9nismu, podle druh\u00E9ho vymezen\u00ED je rom\u00E1n p\u016Fvodn\u011B ran\u011Bnovov\u011Bk\u00FD m\u011B\u0161\u0165ansk\u00FD \u017E\u00E1nr. Ve starov\u011Bk\u00E9 \u0159eck\u00E9 literatu\u0159e vznikala d\u00EDla rom\u00E1nov\u00E9ho charakteru od 4. stolet\u00ED p\u0159. Kr., z v\u011Bt\u0161iny z nich v\u0161ak do modern\u00ED doby p\u0159e\u017Eily pouze n\u00E1zvy. Nejstar\u0161\u00EDm z dochovan\u00FDch text\u016F je Charit\u00F3n\u016Fv rom\u00E1n O v\u011Brn\u00E9 l\u00E1sce Chairea a Kallirhoy z 1. stolet\u00ED. Z rom\u00E1n\u016F starov\u011Bk\u00E9 \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00E9 literatury z\u016Fstaly zachov\u00E1ny fragmenty Petroniova rom\u00E1nu Satirikon z 1. stolet\u00ED a a Apulei\u016Fv rom\u00E1n Zlat\u00FD osel z 2. stolet\u00ED. Koncem st\u0159edov\u011Bku z\u00EDskal v evropsk\u00E9 kultu\u0159e vliv ryt\u00ED\u0159sk\u00FD rom\u00E1n, nejprve ver\u0161ovan\u00FD, pozd\u011Bji prozaick\u00FD. V reakci na n\u011Bj se rozv\u00EDjel a pikareskn\u00ED rom\u00E1n. U\u017E\u0161\u00ED ch\u00E1p\u00E1n\u00ED uzn\u00E1v\u00E1 jako rom\u00E1n pouze modern\u00ED rom\u00E1n a v takov\u00E9m p\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B se k tv\u016Frc\u016Fm \u017E\u00E1nru \u0159ad\u00ED a\u017E ran\u011Bnovov\u011Bc\u00ED romanopisci jako Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra, Marie-Madeleine de La Fayette, Daniel Defoe nebo Samuel Richardson. \u00DAtvary p\u0159ipom\u00EDnaj\u00EDc\u00ED rom\u00E1n byly v historii ps\u00E1ny i mimo evropskou kulturu, v Japonsku, \u010C\u00EDn\u011B nebo Indii. Jako prvn\u00ED rom\u00E1n v historii (pop\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B prvn\u00ED realistick\u00FD rom\u00E1n) b\u00FDv\u00E1 n\u011Bkdy uv\u00E1d\u011Bn P\u0159\u00EDb\u011Bh prince Gend\u017Eiho napsan\u00FD japonskou dvorn\u00ED d\u00E1mou Murasaki \u0160ikibu v roce 1007 a vypravuj\u00EDc\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDb\u011Bh c\u00EDsa\u0159ova levobo\u010Dka a jeho hled\u00E1n\u00ED \u017Eivotn\u00ED l\u00E1sky."@cs . . . . "Il romanzo un genere della narrativa scritto in prosa. Origini e caratteristiche fondanti del romanzo sono argomento di dibattito tra gli studiosi. Certamente si pu\u00F2 affermare che una premessa importante del romanzo moderno \u00E8 da individuare nella prima produzione in lingua d'o\u00EFl (XI secolo): le narrazioni in versi di questa tradizione, sia che recuperassero temi greco-romani sia che rielaborassero temi cavallereschi (cicli bretone e carolingio), venivano indicate gi\u00E0 allora con il termine roman. Il principale carattere di novit\u00E0 rispetto alle tradizioni narrative immediatamente precedenti (e al genere epico in particolare, con le sue imprese militari collettive) \u00E8 il modo diverso di porsi in rapporto col Tempo. Fa parte dell'arte moderna (nominata contemporanea alla nascita del Romanzo) e necessariamente deve contenere quel modo di narrare nuovo e di contrasto con l'arte del passato. La Teoria dell'Estetica di Theodor Adorno si sofferma sull'incompiutezza dell'opera, cio\u00E8 il suo essere sempre in formazione: mentre gli altri generi epici tendono a fermare il Tempo partendo da un inizio e arrivando a una fine, il Romanzo non ha termine, non mette il punto. Altre caratteristiche stilistiche come il progressivo focalizzarsi dell'attenzione sul singolo individuo o su piccoli gruppi di cavalieri, immersi in vicende che hanno un misto di storico e di \"meraviglioso\". L'\"esperienza assoluta\" del cavaliere, irretito nella sua aventure (termine che in francese antico indicava inizialmente solo il destino o il caso e che finisce per indicare il complesso delle peripezie e il perfezionamento etico di chi le attraversa), sviluppa negli scrittori l'esigenza di una narrazione meno ingessata, \"capace di rappresentare un mondo complesso e variamente articolata\". Il romanzo \u00E8 dunque costruito da una struttura della storia pi\u00F9 o meno complessa e da una variet\u00E0 di personaggi pi\u00F9 o meno ampia. Questa profonda articolazione ha dato vita a numerosi sottogeneri: si passa dal genere storico al fantastico, dal giallo al romanzo epistolare."@it . . . . . . "\u0420\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D (\u0444\u0440. roman \u2014 \u00AB\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439\u00BB) \u2014 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442, \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043F\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0443 XVIII\u2014XX \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F\u0445; \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u0441\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C, \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E \u0435\u043F\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0432\u0456\u0440, \u0443 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u043E\u0445\u043E\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0454\u0432\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0457, \u0433\u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044C\u043E\u0445 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0436\u0456\u0432."@uk . . . "\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA"@zh . . . . . . "Romano"@eo . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC18C\uC124"@ko . . . . "Roman"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D (\u0444\u0440. roman \u2014 \u00AB\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439\u00BB) \u2014 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442, \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043F\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0443 XVIII\u2014XX \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F\u0445; \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u0441\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C, \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E \u0435\u043F\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0432\u0456\u0440, \u0443 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u043E\u0445\u043E\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0454\u0432\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0457, \u0433\u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044C\u043E\u0445 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0436\u0456\u0432. \u042F\u043A \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E \u00AB\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u00BB \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0443 XVI \u0441\u0442. \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044C \u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456 \u00AB\u041C\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u0435\u0437\u0456\u0457\u00BB (1589). \u0421\u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C \u00AB\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u00BB \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044C-\u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0448\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E, \u0430 \u043D\u0435 \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u044E. \u0417\u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0442\u0430\u043A \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u044E \u2014 \u043B\u044E\u0431\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u044E. \u041F\u0440\u043E \u0446\u0435 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0432 XVII \u0441\u0442. \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0456 \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0446\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u00AB\u0434\u043B\u044F \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u00BB."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Novel adalah salah satu jenis karya sastra yang berbentuk prosa. Kisah di dalam novel merupakan hasil karya imajinasi yang membahas tentang permasalahan kehidupan seseorang atau berbagai tokoh. Cerita di dalam novel dimulai dengan munculnya persoalan yang dialami oleh tokoh dan diakhiri dengan penyelesaian masalahnya. Novel memiliki cerita yang lebih rumit dibandingkan dengan cerita pendek. Tokoh dan tempat yang diceritakan di dalam novel sangat beragam dan membahas waktu yang lama dalam penceritaan. Penokohan di dalam novel menonjolkan watak dan sifat setiap pelaku dalam kisah yang diceritakan. Novel terdiri dari bab dan sub-bab tertentu sesuai dengan kisah ceritanya. Penulis novel disebut novelis. Genre novel digambarkan memiliki \"sejarah yang berkelanjutan dan komprehensif selama sekitar dua ribu tahun\". Pandangan ini melihat novel berawal dari Yunani dan Romawi Klasik, abad pertengahan, awal roman modern, dan tradisi novella. Novella adalah suatu istilah dalam bahasa Italia untuk menggambarkan cerita singkat, yang dijadikan istilah dalam bahasa Inggris saat ini sejak abad ke-18. Ian Watt, sejarawan sastra Inggris, menuliskan dalam bukunya The Rise of The Novel (1957) bahwa novel pertama muncul pada awal abad ke-18. Miguel de Cervantes, penulis Don Quixote, sering disebut sebagai novelis Eropa terkemuka pertama di era modern. Bagian pertama dari Don Quixote diterbitkan tahun 1605. Roman adalah narasi prosa panjang yang terkait erat dengan novel. Dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, roman adalah karangan prosa yang melukiskan perbuatan pelakunya menurut watak dan isi jiwa masing-masing. Walter Scott mendefinisikannya sebagai \"narasi fiktif dalam bentuk prosa atau sajak. Tujuannya adalah menjadikan peristiwa di dalamnya sebagai peristiwa yang luar biasa dan jarang terjadi\", sementara dalam novel \"peristiwa-peristiwanya adalah rentetan peristiwa nyata yang biasa terjadi dalam kehidupan manusia dan keadaan masyarakat saat itu\". Tetapi, banyak roman, termasuk roman-roman historis karya Scott, Wuthering Heights karya Emily Bront\u00EB, dan Moby-Dick karya Herman Melville, sering juga disebut novel. Roman yang disebutkan di sini berbeda dengan roman percintaan fiksi populer atau novel roman. Bahasa-bahasa Eropa lainnya tidak membedakan antara roman dan novel: \"a novel is le roman, der Roman, il romanzo.\""@in . . "Novel"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Romano estas literatura eposa proza verko, konsistanta el longa rakonto pri image elpensitaj a\u016D aran\u011Ditaj faktoj. Romano estas moderna formo de eposo, sed distinge de popola eposo, kie persono kaj popolanimo estas neapartigeblaj, la romano priskribas la vivon de persono kaj socian vivon kiel sendependajn reala\u0135ojn. Plej ofte la romano utiligas du ingrediencojn: rolulo kaj medio, ekzemple Don Ki\u0125oto de la Man\u0109o, Robinsono kaj lia insulo ktp."@eo . . . . . "Een roman is een samenhangend prozaverhaal van boeklengte over de handelingen en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling van een of meer personages, meestal in relatie met hun milieu. Romans zijn overwegend van fictionele aard en overtreffen in omvang het kort verhaal en de novelle. Het onderscheid tussen novelle en roman is niet altijd scherp aan te geven."@nl . . . "\u5C0F\u8AAC\uFF08\u3057\u3087\u3046\u305B\u3064\u3001\u82F1: fiction\uFF08\u7DCF\u79F0\uFF09,novel\uFF08\u9577\u7DE8\uFF09,story\uFF08\u77ED\u7DE8\uFF09\u3001\u4ECF: roman\uFF08\u9577\u7DE8\uFF09,nouvelle\uFF08\u4E2D\u7DE8\uFF09,conte\uFF08\u77ED\u7DE8\uFF09\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u6587\u5B66\u306E\u5F62\u5F0F\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Romance"@pt . . . . . . . "Powie\u015B\u0107 \u2013 gatunek literatury pi\u0119knej, utw\u00F3r narracyjny, opisuj\u0105cy zwykle rozbudowany ci\u0105g zdarze\u0144. Podstawowym elementem powie\u015Bci s\u0105: wielow\u0105tkowa fabu\u0142a, obejmuj\u0105ca historie licznych bohater\u00F3w i \u015Brodowisk spo\u0142ecznych, a tak\u017Ce \u015Bwiat przedstawiony zgodny z wiedz\u0105 autora. Powie\u015B\u0107 jest najcz\u0119\u015Bciej pisana proz\u0105, a styl narracji jest zale\u017Cny od autora tekstu. Cz\u0119sto spotykanymi formami wypowiedzi w powie\u015Bciach s\u0105 m.in. dialogi i mowa zale\u017Cna, a najpowszechniejszymi sposobami narracji s\u0105 trzecioosobowa lub pierwszoosobowa. Wa\u017Cn\u0105 cech\u0105 powie\u015Bci jest swobodna oraz elastyczna kompozycja, kt\u00F3ra nie narzuca formy podstawowej."@pl . . "O termo romance (do latim romanice: \"em l\u00EDngua rom\u00E2nica\", atrav\u00E9s do proven\u00E7al romans) pode referir-se a dois g\u00EAneros liter\u00E1rios. O primeiro deles \u00E9 uma composi\u00E7\u00E3o po\u00E9tica popular, hist\u00F3rica ou l\u00EDrica, transmitida pela tradi\u00E7\u00E3o oral, sendo geralmente de autor an\u00F4nimo; corresponde aproximadamente \u00E0 balada medieval. Como forma liter\u00E1ria moderna, o termo designa uma composi\u00E7\u00E3o em prosa."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5C0F\u8AAA\u662F\u6587\u5B66\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u6837\u5F0F\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u63CF\u5BEB\u4EBA\u7269\u6545\u4E8B\uFF0C\u5851\u9020\u591A\u79CD\u591A\u6837\u7684\u4EBA\u7269\u5F62\u8C61\uFF0C\u4F46\u4EA6\u6709\u4F8B\u5916\u3002 \u5B83\u662F\u64C1\u6709\u4E0D\u5B8C\u6574\u5E03\u5C40\u3001\u767C\u5C55\u53CA\u4E3B\u984C\u7684\u6587\u5B78\u4F5C\u54C1\u3002 \u800C\u5C0D\u8A71\u662F\u4E0D\u662F\u5177\u6709\u9BAE\u660E\u7684\u500B\u6027\uFF0C\u6BCF\u500B\u4EBA\u7269\u8AAA\u7684\u6CA1\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\u98A8\u683C\uFF0C\u662F\u8861\u91CF\u5C0F\u8AAA\u6C34\u6E96\u7684\u4E00\u500B\u91CD\u8981\u6A19\u6E96\u3002 \u8207\u5176\u4ED6\u6587\u5B78\u6A23\u5F0F\u76F8\u6BD4\uFF0C\u5C0F\u8BF4\u7684\u5BB9\u91CF\u8F03\u5927\uFF0C\u5B83\u53EF\u4EE5\u7D30\u7DFB\u7684\u5C55\u73B0\u4EBA\u7269\u6027\u683C\u548C\u547D\u8FD0\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u8868\u73B0\u9519\u7EFC\u590D\u6742\u7684\u77DB\u76FE\u51B2\u7A81\uFF0C\u540C\u65F6\u8FD8\u53EF\u4EE5\u63CF\u8FF0\u4EBA\u7269\u6240\u5904\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u751F\u6D3B\u73AF\u5883\u3002 \u201C\u5C0F\u8BF4\u201D\u4E00\u8BCD\uFF0C\u6700\u65E9\u89C1\u4E8E\u300A\u5E84\u5B50\u00B7\u5916\u7269\u300B\uFF1A\u201C\u9970\u5C0F\u8BF4\u4EE5\u5E72\u53BF\u4EE4\uFF0C\u5176\u4E8E\u5927\u9054\u4EA6\u8FDC\u77E3\u3002\u201D\u8FD9\u91CC\u6240\u8BF4\u7684\u5C0F\u8BF4\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u7410\u788E\u7684\u8A00\u8C08\u3001\u5C0F\u7684\u9053\u7406\uFF0C\u4E0E\u73B0\u65F6\u6240\u8BF4\u7684\u5C0F\u8BF4\u76F8\u5DEE\u751A\u8FDC\u3002\u6587\u5B78\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5C0F\u8AAA\u901A\u5E38\u6307\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3001\u4E2D\u7BC7\u3001\u77ED\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u548C\u8A69\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\u3002 \u82F1\u6587\u91CC\u300CNovel\u300D\u662F\u6307\u9577\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3001\u300CFiction\u300D\u662F\u6307\u865B\u69CB\u4F5C\u54C1\uFF08\u4E0D\u9650\u65BC\u6587\u5B57\uFF09\u3001\u300CStory\u300D\u662F\u6307\u77ED\u7BC7\u5C0F\u8BF4\u3002\u4E2D\u6587\u7684\u300C\u5C0F\u8AAA\u300D\u56B4\u683C\u4F86\u8AAA\u6C92\u6709\u55AE\u4E00\u5408\u9069\u7684\u82F1\u8A9E\u55AE\u5B57\u53EF\u4EE5\u5C0D\u61C9\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u5927\u591A\u6703\u5C07Novel\u8B6F\u70BA\u5C0F\u8AAA\u3002"@zh . . "Der Roman ist eine literarische Gattung, und zwar die Langform der schriftlichen Erz\u00E4hlung. Das Wort Roman ist ein Lehnwort aus dem Franz\u00F6sischen und bedeutet \u201EErz\u00E4hlung in Versen oder Prosa\u201C. Es l\u00F6ste im 17. Jahrhundert das Wort Historie ab, das bis dahin die unter diese Gattung fallenden Werke bezeichnet hatte. Auch verstand man ab dem 17. Jahrhundert nur noch in Prosa abgefasste Schriften als \u201ERoman\u201C. Der Plural \u201ERomane\u201C wurde erst im 18. Jahrhundert gebr\u00E4uchlich."@de . . "\u5C0F\u8AAC\uFF08\u3057\u3087\u3046\u305B\u3064\u3001\u82F1: fiction\uFF08\u7DCF\u79F0\uFF09,novel\uFF08\u9577\u7DE8\uFF09,story\uFF08\u77ED\u7DE8\uFF09\u3001\u4ECF: roman\uFF08\u9577\u7DE8\uFF09,nouvelle\uFF08\u4E2D\u7DE8\uFF09,conte\uFF08\u77ED\u7DE8\uFF09\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u6587\u5B66\u306E\u5F62\u5F0F\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "La novela (del italiano novella) es una obra literaria en la que se narra una acci\u00F3n fingida en todo o en parte y cuyo fin es causar placer est\u00E9tico a los lectores con la descripci\u00F3n o pintura de sucesos o lances interesantes as\u00ED como de personajes, pasiones y costumbres, que en muchos casos sirven de insumos de la propia reflexi\u00F3n o introspecci\u00F3n. La vig\u00E9sima tercera edici\u00F3n del Diccionario de la lengua espa\u00F1ola de la Real Academia Espa\u00F1ola la define de manera m\u00E1s general como una \u00ABobra literaria narrativa de cierta extensi\u00F3n\u00BB y como un \u00ABg\u00E9nero literario narrativo que, con precedente en la Antig\u00FCedad grecolatina, se desarrolla a partir de la Edad Moderna\u00BB.\u200B La novela se distingue por su car\u00E1cter abierto y su capacidad para contener elementos diversos en un relato complejo. Este car\u00E1cter a"@es . . . . . . . "Novel adalah salah satu jenis karya sastra yang berbentuk prosa. Kisah di dalam novel merupakan hasil karya imajinasi yang membahas tentang permasalahan kehidupan seseorang atau berbagai tokoh. Cerita di dalam novel dimulai dengan munculnya persoalan yang dialami oleh tokoh dan diakhiri dengan penyelesaian masalahnya. Novel memiliki cerita yang lebih rumit dibandingkan dengan cerita pendek. Tokoh dan tempat yang diceritakan di dalam novel sangat beragam dan membahas waktu yang lama dalam penceritaan. Penokohan di dalam novel menonjolkan watak dan sifat setiap pelaku dalam kisah yang diceritakan. Novel terdiri dari bab dan sub-bab tertentu sesuai dengan kisah ceritanya. Penulis novel disebut novelis."@in . . . . . . . .