. . . . . . . . . . . . "Jonas Edward SALK (28-a de oktobro 1914 \u2013 23-a de junio 1995) estis usona kuracisto, epidemiologo kaj scienca esploristo de la unua sukcesa vakcino kontra\u016D poliomjelito. En sia malfrua kariero, li multe laboris la disvolvadon de vakcino kontra\u016D aidoso. Salk neniam volis ri\u0109eco a\u016D fameco de sia eltrova\u0135oj, fame dirante, \"Kiu proprietas mian polian vakcinon? La popoloj! \u0108u oni povas patenti la sunon?\""@eo . "Jonas Salk"@sv . . "openmind_ep1234"@en . . . . . . "Jonas Salk"@cs . . . . "Jonas Salk, f\u00F6dd 28 oktober 1914 i New York, d\u00F6d 23 juni 1995 i La Jolla, var en amerikansk virolog. Han utvecklade 1955 det f\u00F6rsta poliovaccinet vid University of Pittsburgh . Han var chef vid Salk Institute for Biological Studies vid University of California i San Diego 1963\u20131975. Sina sista \u00E5r \u00E4gnade han \u00E5t att s\u00F6ka ett vaccin mot aids."@sv . . "Jonas Edward Salk (New York, AEB, 1914ko urriaren 28a - La Jolla, Kalifornia, AEB, 1995eko ekainaren 23a) estatubatuar sendagilea izan zen. Poliomielitisaren kontrako txerto benetan eraginkorra lortu zuen lehena izan zen. Txertoa ez patentatzea erabaki zuen banaketa globala maximizatzeko, diru-irabazirik ez bilatzea aukeratu zuen eta gaixotasunari ahalik eta modurik eraginkorrenean aurre egitearen alde egin zuen."@eu . . . . "Jonas Salk"@eu . . . . "\u039F \u03A4\u03B6\u03CC\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u0388\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03B1\u03C1\u03BD\u03C4 \u03A3\u03BF\u03BB\u03BA (\u03B1\u03B3\u03B3\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: Jonas Edward Salk, 28 \u039F\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1914 \u2013 23 \u0399\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1995) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 , \u03C0\u03B1\u03B3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C3\u03BC\u03AF\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BA\u03AC\u03BB\u03C5\u03C8\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03C0\u03C4\u03C5\u03BE\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03C3\u03C6\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03BF\u03BB\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03BF\u03BC\u03C5\u03B5\u03BB\u03AF\u03C4\u03B9\u03B4\u03B1\u03C2. \u0393\u03B5\u03BD\u03BD\u03AE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039D\u03AD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03A5\u03CC\u03C1\u03BA\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B3\u03BF\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03AD\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2 \u0391\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03BD\u03AC\u03B6\u03B9 \u0395\u03B2\u03C1\u03B1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C1\u03CE\u03C3\u03C9\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03CC\u03BB\u03BF \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03BF\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD \u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BC\u03CC\u03C1\u03C6\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7, \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C6\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B4\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD. \u0395\u03BD\u03CE \u03C6\u03BF\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u0399\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03A3\u03C7\u03BF\u03BB\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A0\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039D\u03AD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03A5\u03CC\u03C1\u03BA\u03B7\u03C2, \u03BF \u03A3\u03BF\u03BB\u03BA \u03BE\u03B5\u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B9\u03B6\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C6\u03BF\u03B9\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03C7\u03B9 \u03BC\u03CC\u03BD\u03BF \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BA\u03B1\u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2, \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AE \u03B5\u03C0\u03AD\u03BB\u03B5\u03BE\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B1\u03B3\u03B3\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03B4\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C7\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2."@el . . . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (Nova York, 28 d'octubre de 1914 - La Jolla, 23 de juny de 1995) fou un bi\u00F2leg estatunidenc reputat per haver sigut l'inventor de la primera vacuna contra la poliomielitis. Nascut en el si d'una fam\u00EDlia humil, va ingressar a la facultat de medicina de la Universitat de Nova York als setze anys per dedicar-se a la fisiologia. Despr\u00E9s de graduar-se l'any 1939 i obtenir una pla\u00E7a d'intern al Mount Sinai Hospital, un dels m\u00E9s prestigiosos del pa\u00EDs. Va contraure matrimoni amb la psic\u00F2loga Donna Lindsey. L'any 1942 se li conced\u00ED una beca per l'estudi d'una vacuna contra la grip que li permet\u00E9 col\u00B7laborar amb el seu antic professor i prestigi\u00F3s vir\u00F2leg Thomas Francis, llavors a la Universitat de Michigan. El 1947, essent director del laboratori per la investigaci\u00F3 v\u00EDrica de la Universitat de Pittsburgh, la Fundaci\u00F3 Nacional per la Par\u00E0lisis Infantil li va proposar unir-se als diferents equips que buscaven un remei per a la poliomielitis. El 1952 va obtenir un primer resultat en forma de vacuna trivalent, per la qual utilitz\u00E0 virus morts per aplicaci\u00F3 de formalina. Despr\u00E9s de provar-la amb animals i una petita poblaci\u00F3 de nens que ja havien desenvolupat la p\u00F2lio (1954), els bons resultats obtinguts van animar a la Fundaci\u00F3 a finan\u00E7ar una extensa campanya de prova que va suscitar una gran expectaci\u00F3 p\u00FAblica. El 1955 va anunciar que la seva vacuna havia estat provada amb \u00E8xit i esdevingu\u00E9 un personatge c\u00E8lebre, fins al punt d'haver de dirigir-se a la naci\u00F3 sencera, a inst\u00E0ncies del president Eisenhower, en un missatge televisat."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062C\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0643 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Jonas Salk)\u200F (28 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631 1914 - 23 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 1995 \u0641\u064A \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u064A\u0627) \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064A\u0631\u0643\u064A \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062D\u062B \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062C\u062D\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D \u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0643).\u0648\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062D\u064A\u0627\u062A\u0647\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u064A\u0634\u064A\u063A\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064A\u062A\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063A \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0642\u062A \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062D\u064A\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064A\u0641\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0646\u062D\u0648 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064A\u062F\u0632.\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0633\u0639\u064E \u062C\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062B\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064A\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u00AB\u0645\u0646 \u064A\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D \u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u061F\u00BB \u0641\u0623\u062C\u0627\u0628 \u00AB\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062D\u062F\u061B \u0647\u0644 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0631\u0627\u062C \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u061F\u00BB"@ar . "\uC870\uB108\uC2A4 \uC18C\uD06C"@ko . "Jonas Salk"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Salk in 1959"@en . . . . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (ur. 28 pa\u017Adziernika 1914 w Harlemie w Nowym Jorku, zm. 23 czerwca 1995 w La Jolla w San Diego) \u2013 wirusolog, wynalazca szczepionki przeciw grypie i tw\u00F3rca jednej ze szczepionek przeciw parali\u017Cowi dzieci\u0119cemu (wirus polio). \n* 1942 \u2013 pod presj\u0105 swego sponsora, armii USA, Salk zacz\u0105\u0142 prac\u0119 nad szczepionk\u0105 przeciw grypie \n* 1949 \u2013 korzystaj\u0105c z do\u015Bwiadcze\u0144 zespo\u0142u Endersa, Salk rozpocz\u0105\u0142 badania nad polio \n* 1954 \u2013 John Franklin Enders otrzyma\u0142 Nobla za badania nad polio \n* 1955 \u2013 Salk og\u0142osi\u0142 otrzymanie szczepionki przeciw parali\u017Cowi dzieci\u0119cemu; rozpocz\u0119\u0142y si\u0119 masowe szczepienia. Zaszczepiono 440 tysi\u0119cy dzieci. Jednak po podaniu szczepionki u niekt\u00F3rych dzieci wyst\u0105pi\u0142y objawy parali\u017Cu. U 250 dzieci nast\u0105pi\u0142y powik\u0142ania, u 150 wyst\u0105pi\u0142 cz\u0119\u015Bciowy lub ca\u0142kowity parali\u017C, a 11 zmar\u0142o. Z tego powodu szczepionk\u0119 wycofano \n* 1960 \u2013 za\u0142o\u017Cy\u0142 Salk Institute for Biological Studies w La Jolla w Kalifornii \n* 1962 \u2013 aby odbudowa\u0107 sw\u00F3j autorytet udoskonalon\u0105 szczepionk\u0119 przeciwko polio zaaplikowa\u0142 sobie i synom, co przekona\u0142o Amerykan\u00F3w do masowego szczepienia przeciwko polio. Do 1962 roku zaszczepi\u0142a si\u0119 ponad po\u0142owa mieszka\u0144c\u00F3w USA do 40 roku \u017Cycia, a zachorowalno\u015B\u0107 spad\u0142a o 86 procent. Jego praca umo\u017Cliwi\u0142a obron\u0119 dzieci przed ci\u0119\u017Ck\u0105 i wyniszczaj\u0105c\u0105 chorob\u0105. Parali\u017C dzieci\u0119cy w latach 50. dotyka\u0142 w USA 1 noworodka na 5000. Tysi\u0105ce ci\u0119\u017Cej pora\u017Conych dzieci musia\u0142y korzysta\u0107 z \u017Celaznych p\u0142uc."@pl . . . "Jonas Salk"@it . . "\u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u043E\u043B\u043A (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Jonas Edward Salk; 28 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1914, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A \u2014 23 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1995, \u041B\u0430-\u0425\u043E\u0439\u044F) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0430 (\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043B \u0441 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0425\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u041A\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0438 \u0410\u043B\u044C\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0421\u044D\u0439\u0431\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u041C. \u041F. \u0427\u0443\u043C\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u0410. \u0410. \u0421\u043C\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0435\u0432\u044B\u043C)."@ru . . . . . "Jonas Salk"@ca . . . . . . . "Jonas Salk (28 Oktober 1914 \u2013 23 Juni 1995) adalah seorang dan Amerika Serikat. Jonas Salk paling dikenal melalui penemuan dan pengembangan vaksin polio pertama yang aman dan efektif. Dia lahir di New York City, di mana orang tuanya adalah imigran Yahudi-Rusia. Meskipun mereka tidak begitu terdidik secara formal, mereka ingin melihat putera-puteri mereka berjaya. Ketika menempuh sekolah medis di Universitas New York, dia keluar dari perkumpulan kawan sebayanya tidak hanya karena keunggulan akademisnya, tetapi lebih kepada keinginannya untuk melakukan penelitian medis, bukan untuk menjadi seorang dokter praktik."@in . "1914-10-28"^^ . . . . "Jonas Salk (28 Oktober 1914 \u2013 23 Juni 1995) adalah seorang dan Amerika Serikat. Jonas Salk paling dikenal melalui penemuan dan pengembangan vaksin polio pertama yang aman dan efektif. Dia lahir di New York City, di mana orang tuanya adalah imigran Yahudi-Rusia. Meskipun mereka tidak begitu terdidik secara formal, mereka ingin melihat putera-puteri mereka berjaya. Ketika menempuh sekolah medis di Universitas New York, dia keluar dari perkumpulan kawan sebayanya tidak hanya karena keunggulan akademisnya, tetapi lebih kepada keinginannya untuk melakukan penelitian medis, bukan untuk menjadi seorang dokter praktik. Hingga 1955, ketika vaksin Salk diperkenalkan, polio dipandang sebagai masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang paling menakutkan di Amerika Serikat pascaperang. Wabah tahunan selalu saja memburuk dan korbannya adalah anak-anak. Pada 1952, dilaporkan bahwa polio menjadi penyakit yang cukup membunuh dibandingkan dengan penyakit menular lainnya, dengan lebih dari 300.000 kasus dan 58.000 kematian, sebagian besar anak-anak. \"Reaksi masyarakat kepada bencana ini,\" ujar sejarawan . \"Penduduk perkotaan merasa ketakutan setiap musim panas tiba ketika tamu yang mengerikan ini kembali lagi.\" Hasilnya, para ilmuwan berpacu semangat untuk menemukan media penyembuhannya. Presiden Amerika Serikat Franklin D. Roosevelt ialah yang paling diakui di dunia sebagai korban penyakit ini dan mendirikan lembaga untuk mendanai dan menciptakan vaksin. Pada 1947, Salk menerima perjanjian dengan Sekolah Medis Universitas Pittsburgh. Sembari bekerja di sana, dengan National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis yang kini menjadi , Salk melihat peluang untuk mengembangkan vaksin yang mampu melawan polio, dan memastikan dirinya untuk melakukan pekerjaan ini delapan tahun kemudian. Pengujian-pengujian lapangan yang dilakukan Salk menurut O'Neill adalah, \"program yang paling saksama dikerjakan sepanjang sejarah di bidang ini, melibatkan 20.000 dokter praktis dan petugas kesehatan masyarakat, 64.000 pegawai sekolah, dan 220.000 sukarelawan.\" Ketika berita penemuan dirilis pada 12 April 1955, Salk menyambutnya sebagai \"pekerja ajaib\", dan hari itu hampir menjadi \"hari libur nasional\". Dia kemudian menunjukkan rasa cinta kasihnya kepada masyarakat dengan menolak untuk mematenkan vaksin semata-mata demi keuntungan pribadinya, sebab dia berharap untuk melihat vaksin ini dapat diperbanyak secepat, seluas, dan sebanyak mungkin dan proses pematenan hanyalah akan menunda percepatan ini. Ketika ditanyakan tentang siapa yang memiliki paten ini, Salk menjawab: \"Tidak ada paten. Dapatkah kalian mematenkan matahari?\" Pada 1963, dia mendirikan di , yang kini menjadi pusat penelitian medis dan sains. Dia senantiasa melakukan penelitian dan menerbitkan buku, termasuk di antaranya Man Unfolding (1972), The Survival of the Wisest (1973), World Population and Human Values: A New Reality (1981), dan Anatomy of Reality (1983). Tahun-tahun terakhir Dr. Salk dihabiskan untuk upaya pencarian vaksin yang mampu menangkal HIV."@in . . . . . . . . "Jonas Salk"@pt . . "Jonas Edward Salk (* 28. Oktober 1914 in New York City; \u2020 23. Juni 1995 in La Jolla, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Arzt und Immunologe. Er entwickelte den inaktivierten Polioimpfstoff gegen Kinderl\u00E4hmung (Polio)."@de . . . . . . . . "1939"^^ . . "Jonas Edward Salk, n\u00E9 le 28 octobre 1914 \u00E0 New York et mort le 23 juin 1995 \u00E0 La Jolla, est un biologiste am\u00E9ricain et inventeur du premier vaccin contre la poliomy\u00E9lite."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (/s\u0254\u02D0lk/; born Jonas Salk; October 28, 1914 \u2013 June 23, 1995) was an American virologist and medical researcher who developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. He was born in New York City and attended the City College of New York and New York University School of Medicine."@en . . . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (Nova York, 28 d'octubre de 1914 - La Jolla, 23 de juny de 1995) fou un bi\u00F2leg estatunidenc reputat per haver sigut l'inventor de la primera vacuna contra la poliomielitis. Nascut en el si d'una fam\u00EDlia humil, va ingressar a la facultat de medicina de la Universitat de Nova York als setze anys per dedicar-se a la fisiologia. Despr\u00E9s de graduar-se l'any 1939 i obtenir una pla\u00E7a d'intern al Mount Sinai Hospital, un dels m\u00E9s prestigiosos del pa\u00EDs. Va contraure matrimoni amb la psic\u00F2loga Donna Lindsey."@ca . . . . . "Jonas Salk"@de . . "Jonas Edward Salk (New York, 28 oktober 1914 \u2013 La Jolla, Californi\u00EB, 23 juni 1995) was een Amerikaans medicus. Salk is de ontdekker/uitvinder van het naar hem vernoemde salkvaccin. Dit was een van de eerste succesvolle pogingen om tegen een virus, en specifiek tegen het poliomyelitisvirus, te vaccineren. Na de ontdekking van dit vaccin vroeg hij geen patent aan, maar gaf hij het, zoals hij zelf zei, aan het volk. Dit vaccin geeft de ontvanger immuniteit tegen polio en heeft tot gevolg gehad dat deze ziekte, die eens zo werd gevreesd, nauwelijks nog voorkomt."@nl . "1970"^^ . . . "1968"^^ . . . "Jonas Edward SALK (28-a de oktobro 1914 \u2013 23-a de junio 1995) estis usona kuracisto, epidemiologo kaj scienca esploristo de la unua sukcesa vakcino kontra\u016D poliomjelito. En sia malfrua kariero, li multe laboris la disvolvadon de vakcino kontra\u016D aidoso. Salk neniam volis ri\u0109eco a\u016D fameco de sia eltrova\u0135oj, fame dirante, \"Kiu proprietas mian polian vakcinon? La popoloj! \u0108u oni povas patenti la sunon?\""@eo . . "\u062C\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0643 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Jonas Salk)\u200F (28 \u0623\u0643\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0631 1914 - 23 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 1995 \u0641\u064A \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u064A\u0627) \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064A\u0631\u0643\u064A \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062D\u062B \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062C\u062D\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D \u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0643).\u0648\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062D\u064A\u0627\u062A\u0647\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u064A\u0634\u064A\u063A\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064A\u062A\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063A \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0642\u062A \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062D\u064A\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064A\u0641\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0646\u062D\u0648 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064A\u062F\u0632.\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0633\u0639\u064E \u062C\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062B\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064A\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u00AB\u0645\u0646 \u064A\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062D \u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u061F\u00BB \u0641\u0623\u062C\u0627\u0628 \u00AB\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062D\u062F\u061B \u0647\u0644 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0631\u0627\u062C \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u061F\u00BB"@ar . . "Jonas Edward Salk (Nueva York, 28 de octubre de 1914 - La Jolla, California, 23 de junio de 1995)\u200B fue un investigador m\u00E9dico y vir\u00F3logo estadounidense, principalmente reconocido por su aporte a la vacuna contra la poliomielitis. Naci\u00F3 en la ciudad de Nueva York, proveniente de una familia de inmigrantes jud\u00EDos rusos. Si bien sus padres no pose\u00EDan una educaci\u00F3n formal, estaban decididos a ver triunfar a sus hijos. En la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Nueva York se destac\u00F3 no solo por su destreza acad\u00E9mica, sino porque tambi\u00E9n decidi\u00F3 realizar investigaciones m\u00E9dicas en vez de convertirse en m\u00E9dico."@es . . . . "\u4E54\u7EB3\u65AF\u00B7\u7231\u5FB7\u534E\u00B7\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AJonas Edward Salk\uFF0C\u4E54\u7EB3\u65AF\u00B7\u7231\u5FB7\u534E\u00B7\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\uFF0C\u6E2F\u6FB3\u79F0\u4E3A\u55AC\u7D0D\u65AF\u00B7\u7D22\u723E\u514B\uFF0C\u53F0\u6E7E\u79F0\u4E3A\u7D04\u7D0D\u65AF\u00B7\u6C99\u514B\uFF0C1914\u5E7410\u670828\u65E5\uFF0D1995\u5E746\u670823\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u72B9\u592A\u88D4\u5B9E\u9A8C\u533B\u5B66\u5BB6\u3001\u75C5\u6BD2\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4E3B\u8981\u4EE5\u7814\u53D1\u51FA\u4E16\u754C\u4E0A\u9996\u4F8B\u5B89\u5168\u6709\u6548\u7684\u300C\u810A\u9AD3\u7070\u8D28\u708E\u75AB\u82D7\u300D\u800C\u77E5\u540D\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E8E1963\u5E74\u5728\u7F8E\u56FD\u52A0\u5229\u798F\u5C3C\u4E9A\u5DDE\u521B\u5EFA\u4E86\u4E13\u6CE8\u751F\u547D\u79D1\u5B66\u7814\u7A76\u7684\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u3002 \u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u6BD5\u4E1A\u4E8E\u7F8E\u56FD\u7EBD\u7EA6\u5E02\u7ACB\u5B66\u9662\u3001\u7EBD\u7EA6\u5927\u5B66\uFF0C\u6B64\u540E\u66FE\u5728\u5BC6\u6B47\u6839\u5927\u5B66\u4ECE\u4E8B\u535A\u58EB\u540E\u7814\u7A76\u30021947\u5E74\uFF0C\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u6210\u4E3A\u7F8E\u56FD\u5339\u5179\u5821\u5927\u5B66\u533B\u5B66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u6388\uFF0C\u5BF9\u810A\u9AD3\u7070\u8D28\u708E\u75C5\u6BD2\u8FDB\u884C\u7814\u7A76\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E8E\u6570\u5E74\u540E\u6210\u529F\u5F00\u53D1\u51FA\u9996\u5242\u810A\u9AD3\u7070\u8D28\u708E\u75AB\u82D7\u3002 \u7814\u53D1\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u5728\u81EA\u5DF1\u3001\u5BB6\u4EBA\u4EE5\u53CA\u5176\u4ED6\u5FD7\u613F\u8005\u8EAB\u4E0A\uFF0C\u6210\u529F\u8FDB\u884C\u4E86\u521D\u6B65\u4EBA\u4F53\u8BD5\u9A8C\u3002 1954\u5E74\uFF0C\u5168\u7F8E\u5F00\u5C55\u767E\u4E07\u513F\u7AE5\uFF086-9\u5C81\uFF09\u7684\u5927\u89C4\u6A21\u75AB\u82D7\u63A5\u79CD\u8BD5\u9A8C\uFF0C1955\u5E744\u6708\uFF0C\u8BD5\u9A8C\u8BC1\u660E\u75AB\u82D7\u5B89\u5168\u6709\u6548\u3002 \u4E3A\u4E86\u8BA9\u75AB\u82D7\u80FD\u66F4\u5E7F\u6CDB\u5730\u7528\u4E8E\u63A5\u79CD\uFF0C\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u4ECE\u672A\u5BF9\u75AB\u82D7\u7533\u8BF7\u4E13\u5229\uFF0C\u4E5F\u672A\u4ECE\u4E2D\u83B7\u5229\u30021959\u5E74\uFF0C\u4E16\u754C\u4E0A\u6709\u7EA690\u4E2A\u56FD\u5BB6\u91C7\u7528\u4E86\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u7684\u810A\u9AD3\u7070\u8D28\u708E\u75AB\u82D7\u3002\u5728\u6B64\u75AB\u82D7\u53D1\u660E\u524D\uFF0C\u810A\u9AD3\u7070\u8D28\u708E\uFF08\u5373\u5C0F\u513F\u9EBB\u75F9\u75C7\uFF09\u662F\u4E8C\u6218\u540E\u5BF9\u7F8E\u56FD\u516C\u5171\u5065\u5EB7\u5A01\u80C1\u6700\u5927\u7684\u75BE\u75C5\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u5E73\u5747\u6BCF\u5E74\u6709\u8D85\u8FC74\u4E075\u5343\u4EBA\u611F\u67D3\uFF0C\u800C\u5230\u4E861962\u5E74\u611F\u67D3\u4EBA\u6570\u4E0B\u964D\u5230910\u4EBA\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E8E1979\u5E74\u5F7B\u5E95\u6D88\u706D\u4E86\u8BE5\u75BE\u75C5\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "1914-10-28"^^ . "Jonas Edward Salk, n\u00E9 le 28 octobre 1914 \u00E0 New York et mort le 23 juin 1995 \u00E0 La Jolla, est un biologiste am\u00E9ricain et inventeur du premier vaccin contre la poliomy\u00E9lite."@fr . . . . "La Jolla, California, U.S."@en . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (New York, 28 ottobre 1914 \u2013 La Jolla, 23 giugno 1995) \u00E8 stato un virologo, batteriologo e ricercatore statunitense, ideatore del primo vaccino antipoliomielite. Fino al 1955, anno dell'introduzione del suo vaccino, la poliomielite era considerata il problema pi\u00F9 spaventoso in materia di salute pubblica negli Stati Uniti d'America del dopoguerra. Le epidemie annuali erano sempre pi\u00F9 devastanti: quella del 1952 fu la peggiore nella storia della nazione. Dei quasi 58.000 casi riportati quell'anno, 3.145 persone morirono e 21.269 restarono paralizzate in modo lieve o invalidante. La maggior parte delle vittime erano bambini. Gli scienziati si affannavano a trovare un modo per prevenire o curare la malattia. Il Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America Franklin Delano Roosevelt ne era forse la vittima pi\u00F9 conosciuta al mondo e fond\u00F2 l'organizzazione che avrebbe finanziato la realizzazione del vaccino. Nel 1947 Salk accett\u00F2 un incarico alla Scuola di Medicina dell'Universit\u00E0 di Pittsburgh e l'anno dopo intraprese un progetto finanziato dalla National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis per determinare il numero di tipi diversi del virus della poliomielite. Salk vide in tale obiettivo anche un'opportunit\u00E0 di dedicarsi allo sviluppo di un vaccino contro la polio e, insieme al qualificato team di ricerca da lui scelto per affiancarlo, si dedic\u00F2 al progetto per i sette anni successivi. Il banco di prova predisposto per testare il vaccino di Salk fu, come riportato dallo storico William O'Neill, \"il pi\u00F9 elaborato programma del genere nella storia, che coinvolse 20.000 medici e ufficiali della salute pubblica, 64.000 impiegati scolastici e 220.000 volontari\". Oltre 1.800.000 bambini in et\u00E0 scolare presero parte all'esperimento. Quando la notizia del successo del vaccino fu resa pubblica, il 12 aprile 1955, Salk fu salutato come \"l'uomo dei miracoli\", e la giornata \"divenne quasi un giorno di festa nazionale\". Il suo unico obiettivo era stato sviluppare un vaccino sicuro ed efficace il pi\u00F9 rapidamente possibile, senza nessun interesse al profitto personale. Quando in una intervista televisiva gli fu chiesto chi possedesse il brevetto del vaccino, lui rispose: \"La gente, suppongo. Non c'\u00E8 brevetto. Si pu\u00F2 brevettare il sole?\" Nel 1960 fond\u00F2 il Salk Institute for Biological Studies a La Jolla, in California, che \u00E8 tuttora un centro di ricerca medica e scientifica. Continu\u00F2 inoltre a condurre ricerche e a pubblicare libri: Man Unfolding (1972), The Survival of the Wisest (1973), World Population and Human Values: A New Reality (1981), e Anatomy of Reality: Merging of Intuition and Reason (1983). Salk trascorse gli ultimi anni della sua vita ricercando un vaccino contro l'HIV."@it . . . . . . "\u0414\u0436\u043E\u0301\u043D\u0430\u0441 \u0415\u0301\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0421\u043E\u043B\u043A (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Jonas Edward Salk; 28 \u0436\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043D\u044F 1914, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u2014 23 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u044F 1995, \u041B\u0430-\u0425\u043E\u0439\u044F) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433, \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u043A \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0454\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u0432 1955 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456."@uk . "\u0421\u043E\u043B\u043A, \u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0441"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u03A4\u03B6\u03CC\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03A3\u03BF\u03BB\u03BA"@el . ""@en . . . "New York City, U.S."@en . . . . . . . . . "Jonas Salk"@eo . "1995-06-23"^^ . . "Jonas Salk signature.svg"@en . . . . . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (New York, AEB, 1914ko urriaren 28a - La Jolla, Kalifornia, AEB, 1995eko ekainaren 23a) estatubatuar sendagilea izan zen. Poliomielitisaren kontrako txerto benetan eraginkorra lortu zuen lehena izan zen. Txertoa ez patentatzea erabaki zuen banaketa globala maximizatzeko, diru-irabazirik ez bilatzea aukeratu zuen eta gaixotasunari ahalik eta modurik eraginkorrenean aurre egitearen alde egin zuen."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jonas Salk"@pl . . . . . . . "\u039F \u03A4\u03B6\u03CC\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u0388\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03B1\u03C1\u03BD\u03C4 \u03A3\u03BF\u03BB\u03BA (\u03B1\u03B3\u03B3\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: Jonas Edward Salk, 28 \u039F\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1914 \u2013 23 \u0399\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1995) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 , \u03C0\u03B1\u03B3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C3\u03BC\u03AF\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BA\u03AC\u03BB\u03C5\u03C8\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03C0\u03C4\u03C5\u03BE\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03C3\u03C6\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03BF\u03BB\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03BF\u03BC\u03C5\u03B5\u03BB\u03AF\u03C4\u03B9\u03B4\u03B1\u03C2. \u0393\u03B5\u03BD\u03BD\u03AE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039D\u03AD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03A5\u03CC\u03C1\u03BA\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B3\u03BF\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03AD\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2 \u0391\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03BD\u03AC\u03B6\u03B9 \u0395\u03B2\u03C1\u03B1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C1\u03CE\u03C3\u03C9\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03CC\u03BB\u03BF \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03BF\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD \u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BC\u03CC\u03C1\u03C6\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7, \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C6\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B4\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD. \u0395\u03BD\u03CE \u03C6\u03BF\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u0399\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03A3\u03C7\u03BF\u03BB\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A0\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039D\u03AD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03A5\u03CC\u03C1\u03BA\u03B7\u03C2, \u03BF \u03A3\u03BF\u03BB\u03BA \u03BE\u03B5\u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B9\u03B6\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C6\u03BF\u03B9\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03C7\u03B9 \u03BC\u03CC\u03BD\u03BF \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BA\u03B1\u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2, \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AE \u03B5\u03C0\u03AD\u03BB\u03B5\u03BE\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B1\u03B3\u03B3\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03B4\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C7\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2."@el . . . . . . . . . . "\uC870\uB108\uC2A4 \uC5D0\uB4DC\uC6CC\uB4DC \uC194\uD06C(Jonas Edward Salk, 1914\uB144 10\uC6D4 28\uC77C ~ 1995\uB144 6\uC6D4 23\uC77C)\uB294 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC758\uD559\uC5F0\uAD6C\uC790\uC640 \uBC14\uC774\uB7EC\uC2A4\uD559\uC790\uB85C, \uCC98\uC74C \uC18C\uC544\uB9C8\uBE44\uBC31\uC2E0\uC744 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "Jonas Salk"@en . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (Nova Iorque, 28 de outubro de 1914 \u2014 La Jolla, 23 de junho de 1995) foi um m\u00E9dico, virologista e epidemiologista norte-americano, mais conhecido como o inventor da primeira vacina antip\u00F3lio, que, em sua homenagem, ficou conhecida como Vacina Salk."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "San Diego, California"@en . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (New York, 28 oktober 1914 \u2013 La Jolla, Californi\u00EB, 23 juni 1995) was een Amerikaans medicus. Salk is de ontdekker/uitvinder van het naar hem vernoemde salkvaccin. Dit was een van de eerste succesvolle pogingen om tegen een virus, en specifiek tegen het poliomyelitisvirus, te vaccineren. Na de ontdekking van dit vaccin vroeg hij geen patent aan, maar gaf hij het, zoals hij zelf zei, aan het volk. Dit vaccin geeft de ontvanger immuniteit tegen polio en heeft tot gevolg gehad dat deze ziekte, die eens zo werd gevreesd, nauwelijks nog voorkomt. Salk was later hoogleraar aan de Universiteit van Pittsburgh. Het Salk Institute in het Californische La Jolla is naar hem vernoemd. Salk, zelf van Joodse afkomst, was vanaf 1970 getrouwd met de Franse schilderes Fran\u00E7oise Gilot."@nl . . . . . . . . . . "virology, and epidemiology"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jonas Salk"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30B8\u30E7\u30CA\u30B9\u30FB\u30BD\u30FC\u30AF\uFF08Jonas Salk /s\u0254\u02D0lk/\u3001\u672C\u540D\uFF1AJonas Edward Salk\u30011914\u5E7410\u670828\u65E5 - 1995\u5E746\u670823\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u533B\u5B66\u8005\u3002\u30DD\u30EA\u30AA\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u3092\u958B\u767A\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u30DD\u30EA\u30AA\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306E\u958B\u767A\u306B\u969B\u3057\u3066\u306F\u5B89\u5168\u3067\u52B9\u679C\u7684\u306A\u3082\u306E\u3092\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3060\u3051\u65E9\u304F\u958B\u767A\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3051\u306B\u96C6\u4E2D\u3057\u3001\u500B\u4EBA\u7684\u306A\u5229\u76CA\u306F\u4E00\u5207\u6C42\u3081\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30C6\u30EC\u30D3\u306E\u30A4\u30F3\u30BF\u30D3\u30E5\u30FC\u3067\u300C\u8AB0\u304C\u3053\u306E\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306E\u7279\u8A31\u3092\u4FDD\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u306E\u304B\u300D\u3068\u805E\u304B\u308C\u305F\u306E\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u300C\u7279\u8A31\u306F\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u306A\u3044\u3002\u592A\u967D\u306B\u7279\u8A31\u306F\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u306A\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u300D\u3068\u8FF0\u3079\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . "\u0414\u0436\u043E\u0301\u043D\u0430\u0441 \u0415\u0301\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0421\u043E\u043B\u043A (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Jonas Edward Salk; 28 \u0436\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043D\u044F 1914, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u2014 23 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u044F 1995, \u041B\u0430-\u0425\u043E\u0439\u044F) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433, \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u043A \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0454\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u0432 1955 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456."@uk . "Jonas Edward Salk (ur. 28 pa\u017Adziernika 1914 w Harlemie w Nowym Jorku, zm. 23 czerwca 1995 w La Jolla w San Diego) \u2013 wirusolog, wynalazca szczepionki przeciw grypie i tw\u00F3rca jednej ze szczepionek przeciw parali\u017Cowi dzieci\u0119cemu (wirus polio). Jego praca umo\u017Cliwi\u0142a obron\u0119 dzieci przed ci\u0119\u017Ck\u0105 i wyniszczaj\u0105c\u0105 chorob\u0105. Parali\u017C dzieci\u0119cy w latach 50. dotyka\u0142 w USA 1 noworodka na 5000. Tysi\u0105ce ci\u0119\u017Cej pora\u017Conych dzieci musia\u0142y korzysta\u0107 z \u017Celaznych p\u0142uc."@pl . . "Jonas Edward Salk (Nueva York, 28 de octubre de 1914 - La Jolla, California, 23 de junio de 1995)\u200B fue un investigador m\u00E9dico y vir\u00F3logo estadounidense, principalmente reconocido por su aporte a la vacuna contra la poliomielitis. Naci\u00F3 en la ciudad de Nueva York, proveniente de una familia de inmigrantes jud\u00EDos rusos. Si bien sus padres no pose\u00EDan una educaci\u00F3n formal, estaban decididos a ver triunfar a sus hijos. En la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Nueva York se destac\u00F3 no solo por su destreza acad\u00E9mica, sino porque tambi\u00E9n decidi\u00F3 realizar investigaciones m\u00E9dicas en vez de convertirse en m\u00E9dico. Hasta 1955, cuando se present\u00F3 la vacuna Salk, la poliomielitis se consideraba el problema de salud p\u00FAblica m\u00E1s peligroso en los Estados Unidos de posguerra. Las epidemias anuales eran cada vez m\u00E1s devastadoras; la de 1952 fue el peor brote de la historia de la naci\u00F3n. De los casi 58 000 casos reportados ese a\u00F1o,\u200B 3145 fallecieron y 21 269 quedaron afectados por par\u00E1lisis,\u200B siendo ni\u00F1os la mayor parte de las v\u00EDctimas. Seg\u00FAn el historiador , \u00ABla reacci\u00F3n p\u00FAblica fue similar a la de una plaga. Los ciudadanos de las \u00E1reas urbanas pasaban aterrorizados cada verano, la \u00E9poca del a\u00F1o en que regresaba este espantoso visitante\u00BB. Como resultado, los cient\u00EDficos se embarcaron en una carrera fren\u00E9tica para encontrar un tratamiento o una forma de prevenirla. El presidente de los Estados Unidos Franklin D. Roosevelt fue la v\u00EDctima m\u00E1s reconocida del mundo de esta enfermedad y fund\u00F3 la organizaci\u00F3n que patrocin\u00F3 el desarrollo de una vacuna. En 1947, Salk acept\u00F3 un nombramiento de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Pittsburgh. Al a\u00F1o siguiente, emprendi\u00F3 un proyecto creado por la Fundaci\u00F3n Nacional para la Par\u00E1lisis Infantil para determinar el n\u00FAmero de tipos diferentes de virus de la poliomielitis. Salk vislumbr\u00F3 una oportunidad para extender este proyecto hasta llegar a desarrollar una vacuna contra la polio, trabajo al que se entreg\u00F3 durante los siguientes siete a\u00F1os. El comit\u00E9 seleccionado para probar la vacuna de Salk fue, seg\u00FAn O'Neill, \u00ABel programa m\u00E1s elaborado de su tipo en la historia, con veinte mil m\u00E9dicos y agentes de la salud p\u00FAblica, sesenta y cuatro mil acad\u00E9micos y veinte mil voluntarios\u00BB. M\u00E1s de 1 800 000 ni\u00F1os en edad escolar formaron parte del comit\u00E9 de prueba.\u200B Cuando se hizo p\u00FAblica la noticia del \u00E9xito de la vacuna, el 12 de abril de 1955, Salk fue aclamado como un \u00ABtrabajador milagroso\u00BB y el d\u00EDa \u00ABse convirti\u00F3 casi en una fiesta nacional\u00BB. Hab\u00EDa llevado a cabo su tarea \u00FAnicamente para desarrollar una vacuna segura y efectiva lo m\u00E1s r\u00E1pido posible, sin interesarse en su beneficio personal. Cuando le preguntaron en una entrevista televisiva qui\u00E9n pose\u00EDa la patente de la vacuna, Salk respondi\u00F3: \u00ABNo hay patente. \u00BFSe puede patentar el sol?\u00BB.\u200B\u200B En 1960, fund\u00F3 el Instituto Salk de Estudios Biol\u00F3gicos en La Jolla, California, el cual en la actualidad es un centro para la investigaci\u00F3n m\u00E9dica y cient\u00EDfica. Continu\u00F3 coordinando investigaciones y publicando libros, incluyendo Man Unfolding (1972), The Survival of the Wisest (1973), World Population and Human Values: A New Reality (1981) y Anatomy of Reality: Merging of Intuition and Reason (1983). En sus \u00FAltimos a\u00F1os el Dr. Salk se dedic\u00F3 a tratar de crear una vacuna contra el sida.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . "First polio vaccine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1995-06-23"^^ . . . "1121708476"^^ . . . . "\u30B8\u30E7\u30CA\u30B9\u30FB\u30BD\u30FC\u30AF\uFF08Jonas Salk /s\u0254\u02D0lk/\u3001\u672C\u540D\uFF1AJonas Edward Salk\u30011914\u5E7410\u670828\u65E5 - 1995\u5E746\u670823\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u533B\u5B66\u8005\u3002\u30DD\u30EA\u30AA\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u3092\u958B\u767A\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u30DD\u30EA\u30AA\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306E\u958B\u767A\u306B\u969B\u3057\u3066\u306F\u5B89\u5168\u3067\u52B9\u679C\u7684\u306A\u3082\u306E\u3092\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3060\u3051\u65E9\u304F\u958B\u767A\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3051\u306B\u96C6\u4E2D\u3057\u3001\u500B\u4EBA\u7684\u306A\u5229\u76CA\u306F\u4E00\u5207\u6C42\u3081\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30C6\u30EC\u30D3\u306E\u30A4\u30F3\u30BF\u30D3\u30E5\u30FC\u3067\u300C\u8AB0\u304C\u3053\u306E\u30EF\u30AF\u30C1\u30F3\u306E\u7279\u8A31\u3092\u4FDD\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u306E\u304B\u300D\u3068\u805E\u304B\u308C\u305F\u306E\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u300C\u7279\u8A31\u306F\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u306A\u3044\u3002\u592A\u967D\u306B\u7279\u8A31\u306F\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u306A\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u300D\u3068\u8FF0\u3079\u305F\u3002"@ja . "Jonas Edward Salk"@ga . "Donna Lindsay"@en . "Jonas Salk"@fr . . . . . . . . "3"^^ . . . . . . . . "Jonas Salk"@es . . . . . . . . . . . "Jonas Salk, f\u00F6dd 28 oktober 1914 i New York, d\u00F6d 23 juni 1995 i La Jolla, var en amerikansk virolog. Han utvecklade 1955 det f\u00F6rsta poliovaccinet vid University of Pittsburgh . Han var chef vid Salk Institute for Biological Studies vid University of California i San Diego 1963\u20131975. Sina sista \u00E5r \u00E4gnade han \u00E5t att s\u00F6ka ett vaccin mot aids."@sv . "\u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u043E\u043B\u043A (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Jonas Edward Salk; 28 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1914, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A \u2014 23 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1995, \u041B\u0430-\u0425\u043E\u0439\u044F) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043D \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0430 (\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043B \u0441 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0425\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u041A\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0438 \u0410\u043B\u044C\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0421\u044D\u0439\u0431\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u041C. \u041F. \u0427\u0443\u043C\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u0410. \u0410. \u0421\u043C\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0435\u0432\u044B\u043C)."@ru . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (28. \u0159\u00EDjna 1914 New York \u2013 23. \u010Dervna 1995 ) byl americk\u00FD l\u00E9ka\u0159 \u017Eidovsk\u00E9ho p\u016Fvodu, jeden z nejv\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch virolog\u016F 20. stolet\u00ED, kter\u00FD proslul p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm objevem vakc\u00EDny proti d\u011Btsk\u00E9 obrn\u011B. Sv\u016Fj objev si nedal patentovat a poskytl ho k voln\u00E9mu \u0161\u00ED\u0159en\u00ED. Odhaduje se, \u017Ee se t\u00EDm mohl p\u0159ipravit o asi 7 mld. dolar\u016F. Sv\u016Fj krok zd\u016Fvodnil t\u00EDm, \u017Ee nechat si patentovat l\u00E9k proti obrn\u011B by bylo stejn\u00E9 jako \u201Enechat si patentovat slunce\u201C \u2013 jeho odpov\u011B\u010F se stala memem. Konec sv\u00E9 kari\u00E9ry str\u00E1vil intenzivn\u00EDm hled\u00E1n\u00EDm vakc\u00EDny proti viru HIV. Vydal i n\u011Bkolik filozofick\u00FDch knih, je ozna\u010Dov\u00E1n za zakladatele \u201Ebiofilozofie\u201C. \u010Casopis Time ho roku 1998 za\u0159adil mezi 100 nejd\u016Fle\u017Eit\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch osobnost\u00ED 20. stolet\u00ED."@cs . . . "25709692"^^ . "Jonas Salk"@nl . . . . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (/s\u0254\u02D0lk/; born Jonas Salk; October 28, 1914 \u2013 June 23, 1995) was an American virologist and medical researcher who developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. He was born in New York City and attended the City College of New York and New York University School of Medicine. In 1947, Salk accepted a professorship in the School of Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh. It was there that he undertook a project to determine the number of different types of poliovirus, starting in 1948. For the next seven years, Salk devoted himself towards developing a vaccine against polio. Salk was immediately hailed as a \"miracle worker\" when the vaccine's success was first made public in April 1955, and chose to not patent the vaccine or seek any profit from it in order to maximize its global distribution. The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis and the University of Pittsburgh looked into patenting the vaccine but, since Salk's techniques were not novel, their patent attorney said \"If there were any patentable novelty to be found in this phase it would lie within an extremely narrow scope and would be of doubtful value.\" An immediate rush to vaccinate began in both the United States and around the world. Many countries began polio immunization campaigns using Salk's vaccine, including Canada, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, West Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Belgium. By 1959, the Salk vaccine had reached about 90 countries. An attenuated live oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin, coming into commercial use in 1961. Less than 25 years after the release of Salk's vaccine, domestic transmission of polio had been eliminated in the United States. In 1963, Salk founded the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, which is today a center for medical and scientific research. He continued to conduct research and publish books in his later years, focusing in his last years on the search for a vaccine against HIV. Salk also campaigned vigorously for mandatory vaccination throughout the rest of his life, calling the universal vaccination of children against disease a \"moral commitment\". Salk's personal papers are today stored in Geisel Library at the University of California, San Diego."@en . "\uC870\uB108\uC2A4 \uC5D0\uB4DC\uC6CC\uB4DC \uC194\uD06C(Jonas Edward Salk, 1914\uB144 10\uC6D4 28\uC77C ~ 1995\uB144 6\uC6D4 23\uC77C)\uB294 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC758\uD559\uC5F0\uAD6C\uC790\uC640 \uBC14\uC774\uB7EC\uC2A4\uD559\uC790\uB85C, \uCC98\uC74C \uC18C\uC544\uB9C8\uBE44\uBC31\uC2E0\uC744 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "Medical research,"@en . . . . . . . "\u4E54\u7EB3\u65AF\u00B7\u7231\u5FB7\u534E\u00B7\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AJonas Edward Salk\uFF0C\u4E54\u7EB3\u65AF\u00B7\u7231\u5FB7\u534E\u00B7\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\uFF0C\u6E2F\u6FB3\u79F0\u4E3A\u55AC\u7D0D\u65AF\u00B7\u7D22\u723E\u514B\uFF0C\u53F0\u6E7E\u79F0\u4E3A\u7D04\u7D0D\u65AF\u00B7\u6C99\u514B\uFF0C1914\u5E7410\u670828\u65E5\uFF0D1995\u5E746\u670823\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u72B9\u592A\u88D4\u5B9E\u9A8C\u533B\u5B66\u5BB6\u3001\u75C5\u6BD2\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4E3B\u8981\u4EE5\u7814\u53D1\u51FA\u4E16\u754C\u4E0A\u9996\u4F8B\u5B89\u5168\u6709\u6548\u7684\u300C\u810A\u9AD3\u7070\u8D28\u708E\u75AB\u82D7\u300D\u800C\u77E5\u540D\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E8E1963\u5E74\u5728\u7F8E\u56FD\u52A0\u5229\u798F\u5C3C\u4E9A\u5DDE\u521B\u5EFA\u4E86\u4E13\u6CE8\u751F\u547D\u79D1\u5B66\u7814\u7A76\u7684\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u7814\u7A76\u6240\u3002 \u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u6BD5\u4E1A\u4E8E\u7F8E\u56FD\u7EBD\u7EA6\u5E02\u7ACB\u5B66\u9662\u3001\u7EBD\u7EA6\u5927\u5B66\uFF0C\u6B64\u540E\u66FE\u5728\u5BC6\u6B47\u6839\u5927\u5B66\u4ECE\u4E8B\u535A\u58EB\u540E\u7814\u7A76\u30021947\u5E74\uFF0C\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u6210\u4E3A\u7F8E\u56FD\u5339\u5179\u5821\u5927\u5B66\u533B\u5B66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u6388\uFF0C\u5BF9\u810A\u9AD3\u7070\u8D28\u708E\u75C5\u6BD2\u8FDB\u884C\u7814\u7A76\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E8E\u6570\u5E74\u540E\u6210\u529F\u5F00\u53D1\u51FA\u9996\u5242\u810A\u9AD3\u7070\u8D28\u708E\u75AB\u82D7\u3002 \u7814\u53D1\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u5728\u81EA\u5DF1\u3001\u5BB6\u4EBA\u4EE5\u53CA\u5176\u4ED6\u5FD7\u613F\u8005\u8EAB\u4E0A\uFF0C\u6210\u529F\u8FDB\u884C\u4E86\u521D\u6B65\u4EBA\u4F53\u8BD5\u9A8C\u3002 1954\u5E74\uFF0C\u5168\u7F8E\u5F00\u5C55\u767E\u4E07\u513F\u7AE5\uFF086-9\u5C81\uFF09\u7684\u5927\u89C4\u6A21\u75AB\u82D7\u63A5\u79CD\u8BD5\u9A8C\uFF0C1955\u5E744\u6708\uFF0C\u8BD5\u9A8C\u8BC1\u660E\u75AB\u82D7\u5B89\u5168\u6709\u6548\u3002 \u4E3A\u4E86\u8BA9\u75AB\u82D7\u80FD\u66F4\u5E7F\u6CDB\u5730\u7528\u4E8E\u63A5\u79CD\uFF0C\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u4ECE\u672A\u5BF9\u75AB\u82D7\u7533\u8BF7\u4E13\u5229\uFF0C\u4E5F\u672A\u4ECE\u4E2D\u83B7\u5229\u30021959\u5E74\uFF0C\u4E16\u754C\u4E0A\u6709\u7EA690\u4E2A\u56FD\u5BB6\u91C7\u7528\u4E86\u7D22\u5C14\u514B\u7684\u810A\u9AD3\u7070\u8D28\u708E\u75AB\u82D7\u3002\u5728\u6B64\u75AB\u82D7\u53D1\u660E\u524D\uFF0C\u810A\u9AD3\u7070\u8D28\u708E\uFF08\u5373\u5C0F\u513F\u9EBB\u75F9\u75C7\uFF09\u662F\u4E8C\u6218\u540E\u5BF9\u7F8E\u56FD\u516C\u5171\u5065\u5EB7\u5A01\u80C1\u6700\u5927\u7684\u75BE\u75C5\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u5E73\u5747\u6BCF\u5E74\u6709\u8D85\u8FC74\u4E075\u5343\u4EBA\u611F\u67D3\uFF0C\u800C\u5230\u4E861962\u5E74\u611F\u67D3\u4EBA\u6570\u4E0B\u964D\u5230910\u4EBA\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E8E1979\u5E74\u5F7B\u5E95\u6D88\u706D\u4E86\u8BE5\u75BE\u75C5\u3002"@zh . . "V\u00EDreola\u00ED a rugadh i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac ab ea Jonas Edward Salk (28 Deireadh F\u00F3mhair 1914 \u2013 23 Meitheamh 1995). D'fhionn s\u00E9 an ch\u00E9ad vacsa\u00EDn i gcoinne polaimiail\u00EDtis i 1953. Le cabhair \u00F3n Uachtar\u00E1n F. D. Roosevelt, a bh\u00ED buailte ag an ngalar c\u00E9anna, d'ullmhaigh s\u00E9 v\u00EDris neamhghn\u00EDomhachtacha polaimiail\u00EDtis don vacsa\u00EDn insteallta, agus d'\u00E9irigh leis i dtrialacha i 1953-1954. Tosa\u00EDodh \u00E1 h\u00FAs\u00E1id go forleathan i 1955. In La Jolla, California a d'\u00E9ag s\u00E9."@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (New York, 28 ottobre 1914 \u2013 La Jolla, 23 giugno 1995) \u00E8 stato un virologo, batteriologo e ricercatore statunitense, ideatore del primo vaccino antipoliomielite. Fino al 1955, anno dell'introduzione del suo vaccino, la poliomielite era considerata il problema pi\u00F9 spaventoso in materia di salute pubblica negli Stati Uniti d'America del dopoguerra. Le epidemie annuali erano sempre pi\u00F9 devastanti: quella del 1952 fu la peggiore nella storia della nazione. Dei quasi 58.000 casi riportati quell'anno, 3.145 persone morirono e 21.269 restarono paralizzate in modo lieve o invalidante. La maggior parte delle vittime erano bambini. Gli scienziati si affannavano a trovare un modo per prevenire o curare la malattia. Il Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America Franklin Delano Roosevelt "@it . . . . . "\u4E54\u7EB3\u65AF\u00B7\u7D22\u5C14\u514B"@zh . . . . "Man Evolving"@en . . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u043E\u043B\u043A"@uk . "Jonas Edward Salk (28. \u0159\u00EDjna 1914 New York \u2013 23. \u010Dervna 1995 ) byl americk\u00FD l\u00E9ka\u0159 \u017Eidovsk\u00E9ho p\u016Fvodu, jeden z nejv\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch virolog\u016F 20. stolet\u00ED, kter\u00FD proslul p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm objevem vakc\u00EDny proti d\u011Btsk\u00E9 obrn\u011B. Sv\u016Fj objev si nedal patentovat a poskytl ho k voln\u00E9mu \u0161\u00ED\u0159en\u00ED. Odhaduje se, \u017Ee se t\u00EDm mohl p\u0159ipravit o asi 7 mld. dolar\u016F. Sv\u016Fj krok zd\u016Fvodnil t\u00EDm, \u017Ee nechat si patentovat l\u00E9k proti obrn\u011B by bylo stejn\u00E9 jako \u201Enechat si patentovat slunce\u201C \u2013 jeho odpov\u011B\u010F se stala memem. Konec sv\u00E9 kari\u00E9ry str\u00E1vil intenzivn\u00EDm hled\u00E1n\u00EDm vakc\u00EDny proti viru HIV. Vydal i n\u011Bkolik filozofick\u00FDch knih, je ozna\u010Dov\u00E1n za zakladatele \u201Ebiofilozofie\u201C. \u010Casopis Time ho roku 1998 za\u0159adil mezi 100 nejd\u016Fle\u017Eit\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch osobnost\u00ED 20. stolet\u00ED."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (* 28. Oktober 1914 in New York City; \u2020 23. Juni 1995 in La Jolla, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Arzt und Immunologe. Er entwickelte den inaktivierten Polioimpfstoff gegen Kinderl\u00E4hmung (Polio)."@de . . . . . . "Jonas Edward Salk (Nova Iorque, 28 de outubro de 1914 \u2014 La Jolla, 23 de junho de 1995) foi um m\u00E9dico, virologista e epidemiologista norte-americano, mais conhecido como o inventor da primeira vacina antip\u00F3lio, que, em sua homenagem, ficou conhecida como Vacina Salk."@pt . "V\u00EDreola\u00ED a rugadh i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac ab ea Jonas Edward Salk (28 Deireadh F\u00F3mhair 1914 \u2013 23 Meitheamh 1995). D'fhionn s\u00E9 an ch\u00E9ad vacsa\u00EDn i gcoinne polaimiail\u00EDtis i 1953. Le cabhair \u00F3n Uachtar\u00E1n F. D. Roosevelt, a bh\u00ED buailte ag an ngalar c\u00E9anna, d'ullmhaigh s\u00E9 v\u00EDris neamhghn\u00EDomhachtacha polaimiail\u00EDtis don vacsa\u00EDn insteallta, agus d'\u00E9irigh leis i dtrialacha i 1953-1954. Tosa\u00EDodh \u00E1 h\u00FAs\u00E1id go forleathan i 1955. In La Jolla, California a d'\u00E9ag s\u00E9."@ga . . . . "50887"^^ . . . "\u062C\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0643"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30B8\u30E7\u30CA\u30B9\u30FB\u30BD\u30FC\u30AF"@ja . . . . . "Jonas Salk"@in .