. . . . . . . . . . . . . "5922940"^^ . . . . . . . "\u4E2D\u570B\u901A\u4E00\u8A5E\uFF0C\u610F\u6307\u5C0D\u4E2D\u570B\u653F\u6CBB\u5236\u5EA6\u3001\u4F20\u7EDF\u6587\u5316\u6B77\u53F2\u3001\u751F\u6D3B\u578B\u614B\u6216\u5176\u4ED6\u8207\u4E2D\u570B\u6216\u4E2D\u570B\u4EBA\u606F\u606F\u76F8\u95DC\u4E4B\u4E8B\uFF0C\u6709\u7CBE\u95E2\u8A8D\u8B58\u8207\u7406\u89E3\uFF0C\u4E26\u80FD\u5411\u5176\u4ED6\u4EBA\u8AAA\u660E\u3001\u95E1\u8FF0\u3001\u5206\u6790\u4E4B\u975E\u4E2D\u570B\u7C4D\u4E4B\u4EBA\u58EB\uFF1B\u800C\u73FE\u4ECA\u6240\u7A31\u4E4B\u4E2D\u570B\u901A\uFF0C\u591A\u5728\u8A72\u570B\u4E4B\u653F\u5E9C\u3001\u5B78\u8853\u6216\u6C11\u9593\u667A\u5EAB\u55AE\u4F4D\u5C45\u6709\u8981\u8077\uFF0C\u4E14\u5E38\u70BA\u653F\u5E9C\u4E3B\u7BA1\u3001\u5A92\u9AD4\u4EBA\u58EB\u4E4B\u8AEE\u8A62\u5C0D\u8C61\u3002 \u6B64\u985E\u7A31\u8B02\u591A\u6709\u81F4\u656C\u4E4B\u610F\uFF0C\u53E6\u4EA6\u6709\u8AF8\u5982\uFF1A\u7F8E\u570B\u901A\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u901A\u3001\u6771\u5357\u4E9E\u901A\u7B49\u540C\u6A23\u6027\u8CEA\u4E4B\u7528\u8A5E\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "China Hand adalah sebutan untuk para pedagang abad ke-19 di Tiongkok, kemudian diperluas cakupannya menjadi orang-orang yang menguasai bahasa, kebudayaan, dan kehidupan sosial Tiongkok. Pada tahun 1940-an di Amerika Serikat, istilah \"China Hand\" mengacu kepada para diplomat, wartawan, dan tentara Amerika Serikat yang sangat memahami Tiongkok dan memengaruhi kebijakan Amerika Serikat sebelum, selama, dan sesudah Perang Dunia II. Di Tiongkok modern, Zhongguo tong \u4E2D\u570B\u901A (Hanzi sederhana: \u4E2D\u56FD\u901A; Hanzi tradisional: \u4E2D\u570B\u901A; Pinyin: Zh\u014Dng gu\u00F3 t\u014Dng; harfiah: 'China expert') mengacu pada warga negara asing yang familier atau menggemari bahasa dan kebudayaan Tiongkok."@in . . . . . . "1106321651"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "July 2022"@en . . . . . . . . "18755"^^ . "\u30C1\u30E3\u30A4\u30CA\u30FB\u30CF\u30F3\u30BA"@ja . "Zh\u014Dnggu\u00F3 t\u014Dng"@en . "\u30C1\u30E3\u30A4\u30CA\u30FB\u30CF\u30F3\u30BA\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30C1\u30E3\u30A4\u30CA\u30FB\u30CF\u30F3\u30C9 (China Hands) \u3068\u306F\u3001\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6226\u524D\u5F8C\u306B\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u56FD\u52D9\u7701\u3067\u6771\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\u5916\u4EA4\u3092\u62C5\u5F53\u3057\u305F\u4E2D\u56FD\u901A\u306E\u5916\u4EA4\u5B98\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3002\u5916\u4EA4\u5B98\u306E\u307B\u304B\u3001\u8ECD\u4EBA\u3001\u30B8\u30E3\u30FC\u30CA\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u3084\u5B66\u8005\u3082\u542B\u3081\u3089\u308C\u308B\u5834\u5408\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "China Hand"@in . . "\u4E2D\u56FD\u901A"@en . . . "China Hands"@en . "\u4E2D\u570B\u901A\u4E00\u8A5E\uFF0C\u610F\u6307\u5C0D\u4E2D\u570B\u653F\u6CBB\u5236\u5EA6\u3001\u4F20\u7EDF\u6587\u5316\u6B77\u53F2\u3001\u751F\u6D3B\u578B\u614B\u6216\u5176\u4ED6\u8207\u4E2D\u570B\u6216\u4E2D\u570B\u4EBA\u606F\u606F\u76F8\u95DC\u4E4B\u4E8B\uFF0C\u6709\u7CBE\u95E2\u8A8D\u8B58\u8207\u7406\u89E3\uFF0C\u4E26\u80FD\u5411\u5176\u4ED6\u4EBA\u8AAA\u660E\u3001\u95E1\u8FF0\u3001\u5206\u6790\u4E4B\u975E\u4E2D\u570B\u7C4D\u4E4B\u4EBA\u58EB\uFF1B\u800C\u73FE\u4ECA\u6240\u7A31\u4E4B\u4E2D\u570B\u901A\uFF0C\u591A\u5728\u8A72\u570B\u4E4B\u653F\u5E9C\u3001\u5B78\u8853\u6216\u6C11\u9593\u667A\u5EAB\u55AE\u4F4D\u5C45\u6709\u8981\u8077\uFF0C\u4E14\u5E38\u70BA\u653F\u5E9C\u4E3B\u7BA1\u3001\u5A92\u9AD4\u4EBA\u58EB\u4E4B\u8AEE\u8A62\u5C0D\u8C61\u3002 \u6B64\u985E\u7A31\u8B02\u591A\u6709\u81F4\u656C\u4E4B\u610F\uFF0C\u53E6\u4EA6\u6709\u8AF8\u5982\uFF1A\u7F8E\u570B\u901A\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u901A\u3001\u6771\u5357\u4E9E\u901A\u7B49\u540C\u6A23\u6027\u8CEA\u4E4B\u7528\u8A5E\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30C1\u30E3\u30A4\u30CA\u30FB\u30CF\u30F3\u30BA\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30C1\u30E3\u30A4\u30CA\u30FB\u30CF\u30F3\u30C9 (China Hands) \u3068\u306F\u3001\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6226\u524D\u5F8C\u306B\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u56FD\u52D9\u7701\u3067\u6771\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\u5916\u4EA4\u3092\u62C5\u5F53\u3057\u305F\u4E2D\u56FD\u901A\u306E\u5916\u4EA4\u5B98\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3002\u5916\u4EA4\u5B98\u306E\u307B\u304B\u3001\u8ECD\u4EBA\u3001\u30B8\u30E3\u30FC\u30CA\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u3084\u5B66\u8005\u3082\u542B\u3081\u3089\u308C\u308B\u5834\u5408\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "\u4E2D\u570B\u901A"@en . . . . . . . . . "The term China Hand originally referred to 19th-century merchants in the treaty ports of China, but came to be used for anyone with expert knowledge of the language, culture, and people of China. In 1940s America, the term China Hands came to refer to a group of American diplomats, journalists, and soldiers who were known for their knowledge of China and influence on American policy before, during, and after World War II. During and after the Cold War, the term China watcher became popularized: with some overlap, the term sinologist also describes a China expert in English, particularly in academic contexts or in reference to the expert's academic background."@en . . . . "China expert"@en . . . . . . "China Hand adalah sebutan untuk para pedagang abad ke-19 di Tiongkok, kemudian diperluas cakupannya menjadi orang-orang yang menguasai bahasa, kebudayaan, dan kehidupan sosial Tiongkok. Pada tahun 1940-an di Amerika Serikat, istilah \"China Hand\" mengacu kepada para diplomat, wartawan, dan tentara Amerika Serikat yang sangat memahami Tiongkok dan memengaruhi kebijakan Amerika Serikat sebelum, selama, dan sesudah Perang Dunia II."@in . . "medic"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4E2D\u570B\u901A"@zh . . . . . "The term China Hand originally referred to 19th-century merchants in the treaty ports of China, but came to be used for anyone with expert knowledge of the language, culture, and people of China. In 1940s America, the term China Hands came to refer to a group of American diplomats, journalists, and soldiers who were known for their knowledge of China and influence on American policy before, during, and after World War II. During and after the Cold War, the term China watcher became popularized: with some overlap, the term sinologist also describes a China expert in English, particularly in academic contexts or in reference to the expert's academic background. Zhongguo tong \u4E2D\u570B\u901A (simplified Chinese: \u4E2D\u56FD\u901A; traditional Chinese: \u4E2D\u570B\u901A; pinyin: Zh\u014Dnggu\u00F3 t\u014Dng; lit. 'China expert'), sometimes translated as \"old China Hand\", refers to a foreigner who shows a familiarity with, or affinity for, Chinese language and culture."@en .