"Cai Lun (xin\u00E8s tradicional: \u8521\u502B, xin\u00E8s simplificat: \u8521\u4F26, pinyin: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn; romanitzaci\u00F3 Wade-Giles: T'sai Lun) (50 - 121 aC), : Jingzhong (\u656C\u4EF2), va ser l'inventor del paper. Eunuc imperial, va millorar la f\u00F3rmula del paper, convertint-lo en una alternativa al papir i al pergam\u00ED, els suports tradicionals per a l'escriptura, gr\u00E0cies a l'afegit de mid\u00F3 que protegia les fibres vegetals. Alguns cr\u00EDtics afirmen que la seva figura \u00E9s una llegenda o b\u00E9 que era el superior d'un taller i no l'aut\u00E8ntic inventor, per\u00F2 la figura de Cai Lun \u00E9s considerada com una de les m\u00E9s influents de la hist\u00F2ria."@ca . . "Tsien"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Hunter"@en . "\u03A4\u03C3\u03AC\u03B9 \u039B\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD"@el . . . . . "Cai Lun (Chinese: \u8521\u4F26; courtesy name: Jingzhong (\u656C\u4EF2); c.\u200950\u201362 \u2013 121 CE), formerly romanized as Ts'ai Lun, was a Chinese eunuch court official of the Eastern Han dynasty. He is traditionally regarded as the inventor of paper and the modern papermaking process. Although early forms of paper had existed since the 3rd century BCE, he occupies a pivotal place in the history of paper due to his addition of pulp via tree bark and hemp ends, which resulted in the large-scale manufacture and worldwide spread of paper."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Coi3 Leon4"@en . "\u8521\u4F26"@zh . . . . . "Cai Lun (Hanzi: \u8521\u502B, simplify \u8521\u4F26, pinyin: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, Wade-Giles: Ts\u2019ai Lun) ialah penemu kertas, berkebangsaan Tionghoa yang hidup pada zaman Dinasti Han, abad ke-1 - abad ke-2 Masehi. Lahir di Guiyang (sekarang di wilayah provinsi Hunan), ia bernama lengkap Cai Jingzhong (sering pula dipanggil Jingzhong ((\u656C\u4EF2)). Ia membuat kertas dari kulit kayu murbei. Bagian dalamnya direndam di air dan dipukul-pukul sehingga seratnya lepas. Bersama dengan kulit, direndam juga bahan rami, kain bekas, dan jala ikan. Setelah menjadi bubur, bahan ini ditekan hingga tipis dan dijemur. Lalu jadilah kertas yang mutunya masih belum sebagus sekarang. Tak banyak catatan tentang Cai Lun, selain ada yang menyebutnya seorang kasim. Ia adalah seorang pegawai negara pada pengadilan kekaisaran. Pada tahun 105 M ia mempersembahkan contoh kertas pada . Catatan tentang penemuan kertas ini terdapat dalam penulisan sejarah resmi Dinasti Han. Konon kaisar amat girang atas penemuan Cai Lun, dan Cai Lun pun naik pangkat, mendapat gelar kebangsawanan dan menjadi cukong. Namun belakangan ia terlibat dalam komplotan anti istana yang membuatnya didepak dari kerajaan. Menurut naskah Tionghoa, setelah didepak Cai Lun mandi bersih, mengenakan pakaian terindahnya, lantas meneguk racun."@in . ", Han Empire"@en . . . "Cai Lun"@fr . . . . . . ", Han Empire"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Cai Lun (xin\u00E8s tradicional: \u8521\u502B, xin\u00E8s simplificat: \u8521\u4F26, pinyin: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn; romanitzaci\u00F3 Wade-Giles: T'sai Lun) (50 - 121 aC), : Jingzhong (\u656C\u4EF2), va ser l'inventor del paper. Eunuc imperial, va millorar la f\u00F3rmula del paper, convertint-lo en una alternativa al papir i al pergam\u00ED, els suports tradicionals per a l'escriptura, gr\u00E0cies a l'afegit de mid\u00F3 que protegia les fibres vegetals. Alguns cr\u00EDtics afirmen que la seva figura \u00E9s una llegenda o b\u00E9 que era el superior d'un taller i no l'aut\u00E8ntic inventor, per\u00F2 la figura de Cai Lun \u00E9s considerada com una de les m\u00E9s influents de la hist\u00F2ria."@ca . . . . "Cai Lun"@eo . . . . . . . . "\uCC44\uB95C(\u8521\u502B, 50\uB144? ~ 121\uB144?)\uC740 \uC911\uAD6D \uD6C4\uD55C \uC911\uAE30\uC758 \uD658\uAD00\uC73C\uB85C, \uC790\uB294 \uACBD\uC911(\u656C\u4EF2)\uC774\uBA70, \uACC4\uC591\uAD70 \uB1CC\uC591\uD604(\u8012\u967D\u7E23) \uC0AC\uB78C\uC774\uB2E4. \uC885\uC774\uB97C \uBC1C\uBA85\uD55C \uC778\uBB3C\uB85C \uC9C8 \uBA85\uC81C \uB54C\uBD80\uD130 \uD658\uAD00\uC73C\uB85C \uC870\uC815\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uAC04 \uD6C4 \uD654\uC81C \uB54C \uAD81\uC911\uC758 \uACF5\uBC29 \uC7A5\uAD00\uC778 \uC0C1\uBC29\uB839\uC5D0 \uCDE8\uC784\uD558\uC5EC \uAD81\uC911\uC758 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0 \uB3C4\uAD6C\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uB098\uBB34\uAECD\uC9C8, \uC0BC\uBCA0 \uC870\uAC01, \uD5CC \uD5DD\uAC8A, \uB0A1\uC740 \uADF8\uBB3C \uB530\uC704\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC \uC885\uC774\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uACE0, 105\uB144\uC5D0 \uC774\uAC83\uC744 \uD669\uC81C\uC5D0\uAC8C \uBC14\uCCD0 \uB110\uB9AC \uC4F0\uC774\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uB294\uB370, \uB2F9\uC2DC\uC5D0\uB294 \uC774 \uC885\uC774\uB97C '\uCC44\uD6C4\uC9C0(\u8521\u4FAF\u7D19)'\uB77C\uACE0 \uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC774 \uC2DD\uBB3C \uC12C\uC720\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD574\uC11C \uB9CC\uB4E0 \uC885\uC774\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC774\uBA70, \uD6C4\uC138\uC758 \uBB38\uD654 \uBC1C\uC804\uC5D0 \uD06C\uAC8C \uC774\uBC14\uC9C0\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0633\u0627\u064A \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u060C \u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 105 \u0642.\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u064A\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062A\u0633\u0627\u064A \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062C\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062E\u0635\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u062A\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062C\u062F\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062A\u0633\u0627\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062A\u064A\u062C\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062F \u0631\u0642\u064A\u062A \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0628\u062A\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u064A \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0646\u062A\u064A\u062C\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062B\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u062A\u0648\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0626\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0647\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u062E\u0632\u064A\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062D\u0645 \u062B\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u0641\u062E\u0631 \u062B\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645."@ar . . . . . . . "CAI Lun (tradicia \u0109ina skribo: \u8521\u502B; simpligita \u0109ina skribo: \u8521\u4F26; pinjino: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn; Wade-Giles: T'sai Lun) (ca. 50 p.K. \u2013 121), honora nomo Jingzhong (\u656C\u4EF2), estis \u0109ina e\u016Dnuko, kiu estas vaste rigardita kiel la inventisto de papero kaj la moderna procezo de paperfarado, anstata\u016D pli primitivaj formoj kiel papiruso. Kvankam ekzistis papero en \u0108inio anta\u016D Cai Lun (ekde la 2-a jarcento a.K.) li pioniris la unuan gravan plibonigadon kaj normigadon de paperfarado, per aldono de esencaj novaj materialoj en \u011Dia miksa\u0135o."@eo . . . "Holdstock"@en . "Narita"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Britannica"@en . . . . . . . . "Jingzhong"@en . "McNeil"@en . . "Cai Lun (Kinesiska: \u8521\u502B, C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, Wade-Giles: Ts'ai Lun), f\u00F6dd omkring \u00E5r 50, d\u00F6d \u00E5r 121, var en eunuck och kinesisk minister fr\u00E5n Guiyang i provinsen Hunan under kejsare He. Cai Lun dokumenterade omkring \u00E5r 105 e. Kr. pappersframst\u00E4llningen i \u00F6stra Han-riket och r\u00E4knas som uppfinnaren av tekniken f\u00F6r tillverkning av papper genom att avvattna en fibersuspension p\u00E5 en viraduk. \u00C4ven om papper hade tillverkats i Kina sedan 100-talet f. Kr., var Cai Lun ansvarig f\u00F6r signifikanta f\u00F6rb\u00E4ttringar och standardisering av papperstillverkningen genom nya apparatkonstruktioner f\u00F6r tillverkningsprocessen."@sv . "Cai Lun"@pt . . . "Development of paper and papermaking"@en . "Day"@en . . "Cai Lun (chinesisch \u8521\u502B, Pinyin C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, W.-G. Ts'ai Lun; * um 50; \u2020 um 121) war ein Eunuch und Beamter der Beh\u00F6rde f\u00FCr Fertigung von Instrumenten und Waffen am chinesischen Kaiserhof aus Guiyang in der Provinz Hunan unter Kaiser He."@de . . . . "Cai Lun (ur. oko\u0142o 50 w miejscowo\u015Bci Guiyang (obecnie Leiyang), zm. 121) \u2013 chi\u0144ski urz\u0119dnik i wynalazca metody masowej produkcji papieru nadaj\u0105cego si\u0119 do cel\u00F3w pi\u015Bmienniczych."@pl . . "\u0426\u0430\u0439 \u041B\u0443\u043D\u044C (\u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434. \u8521\u502B, \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u8521\u4F26, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C C\u00E0i L\u00FAn; 50\u2014121) \u2014 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0438\u0441\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438. \u0426\u0430\u0439 \u041B\u0443\u043D\u044C \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435 \u041B\u044D\u0439\u044F\u043D \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0439\u044F\u043D. \u0412 75 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u0432\u043D\u0443\u0445\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0430\u043B \u0432 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u0412 105 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043B \u0434\u043E\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 \u043E\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438, \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C. \u0418\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0425\u044D-\u0434\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0436\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0446\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0435 \u0410\u043D\u044C-\u0434\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0438\u043B \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u044C \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C, \u0432\u044B\u043F\u0438\u0432 \u044F\u0434."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0633\u0627\u064A \u0644\u0648\u0646"@ar . . "Ts'ai4 Lun2"@en . . "\u0426\u0430\u0439 \u041B\u0443\u043D\u044C"@uk . . . . . "115"^^ . . . "\u8521 \u502B\uFF08\u3055\u3044 \u308A\u3093\u300163\u5E74 - 121\u5E74\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u5F8C\u6F22\u306E\u5BA6\u5B98\u3002\u5B57\u306F\u656C\u4EF2\u3002\u834A\u5DDE\u6842\u967D\u90E1\u8012\u967D\u770C\u306B\u751F\u307E\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u5F8C\u6F22\u6642\u4EE3\u3001\u5916\u621A\u3068\u5BA6\u5B98\u306E\u9593\u3067\u6FC0\u3057\u3044\u6A29\u529B\u95D8\u4E89\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u304C\u3001\u912D\u8846\u3068\u8521\u502B\u306F\u305D\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u4EBA\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u307E\u305F\u3001\u6728\u306E\u76AE\u3084\u7AF9\u3001\u7D79\u306E\u5E03\u306A\u3069\u306B\u6587\u5B57\u304C\u66F8\u304B\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u6642\u4EE3\u3067\u88FD\u7D19\u6CD5\u3092\u6539\u826F\u3057\u3001\u5B9F\u7528\u7684\u306A\u7D19\u306E\u88FD\u9020\u666E\u53CA\u306B\u591A\u5927\u306A\u8CA2\u732E\u3092\u3057\u305F\u4EBA\u7269\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Tshai Lun"@en . . "Cai Lun"@es . . . . "Tsay Lun"@en . "66253"^^ . . . "0.475"^^ . "Choi L\u00E8uhn"@en . "Cai Lun"@pl . . "Poo"@en . . "\u0426\u0430\u0439 \u041B\u0443\u043D\u044C"@ru . . . . . "Cai Lun"@sv . "Cai Lun (Hanzi: \u8521\u502B, simplify \u8521\u4F26, pinyin: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, Wade-Giles: Ts\u2019ai Lun) ialah penemu kertas, berkebangsaan Tionghoa yang hidup pada zaman Dinasti Han, abad ke-1 - abad ke-2 Masehi. Lahir di Guiyang (sekarang di wilayah provinsi Hunan), ia bernama lengkap Cai Jingzhong (sering pula dipanggil Jingzhong ((\u656C\u4EF2)). Tak banyak catatan tentang Cai Lun, selain ada yang menyebutnya seorang kasim. Ia adalah seorang pegawai negara pada pengadilan kekaisaran. Pada tahun 105 M ia mempersembahkan contoh kertas pada . Catatan tentang penemuan kertas ini terdapat dalam penulisan sejarah resmi Dinasti Han."@in . "Holdstock"@en . . . . . . . . . . "176"^^ . "122"^^ . "123"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Cai's name in Traditional and Simplified Chinese characters"@en . . . . "de Crespigny"@en . . . . . . . "Tshu\u00E0 L\u00FBn"@en . . . . "161"^^ . "107"^^ . . "Cai Lun foi um alto funcion\u00E1rio da corte imperial, na dinastia Han, que inventou o papel a partir de casca de amoreira e fibra de bambu, no ano 105. Na China \u00E9 tradicionalmente considerado o inventor do papel, pois sob sua administra\u00E7\u00E3o foi aperfei\u00E7oada a t\u00E9cnica de fabrica\u00E7\u00E3o do material utilizado para a escrita de documentos, que passou a ter propriedades semelhantes \u00E0s do papel atual, bem diferentes do papiro e do pergaminho usados \u200B\u200Bantigamente. Embora as primeiras formas de papel existissem na China a partir do s\u00E9culo II a.C., ele foi respons\u00E1vel pela primeira melhoria e padroniza\u00E7\u00E3o significativa da fabrica\u00E7\u00E3o de papel, adicionando novos materiais essenciais \u00E0 sua composi\u00E7\u00E3o. Segundo as cr\u00F4nicas hist\u00F3ricas chinesas, a inven\u00E7\u00E3o do papel teria ocorrido no ano 105 d.C."@pt . . "\u039F \u03A4\u03C3\u03AC\u03B9 \u039B\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD (pinyin: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, Wade\u2013Giles: Ts'ai Lun, \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B5\u03B6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: \u8521\u4F26, 48\u2013121 \u03BC.\u03A7.), \u03CC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C5\u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2: \u0396\u03B9\u03BD\u03B3\u03BA\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD\u03B3\u03BA (\u656C\u4EF2) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u039A\u03B9\u03BD\u03AD\u03B6\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C2, \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0394\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03A7\u03B1\u03BD. \u0395\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03CE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BC\u03BF\u03B9\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03AF \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5 \u03C3\u03AE\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 (\u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C0\u03AC\u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03BF). \u03A4\u03BF \u03AD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 104 \u03BC.\u03A7. \u03B8\u03B5\u03C9\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03C6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03AD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF\u03BD \u03BF \u03A4\u03C3\u03AC\u03B9 \u039B\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03AF\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C4\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1, \u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03B5\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03B5\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03CC\u03BB\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AC, \u03C0\u03C1\u03AD\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BC\u03B5 \u03C5\u03C0' \u03CC\u03C8\u03B9\u03BD, \u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1\u03B3\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03CB\u03C0\u03AE\u03C1\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u039A\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1 \u03AE\u03B4\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD 2 \u03B1\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0.\u03A7., \u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C3\u03BF \u03BF \u03A4\u03C3\u03AC\u03B9 \u039B\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B5\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B2\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2, \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03B8\u03AD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BD\u03AD\u03B1 \u03C5\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5."@el . . . . "98"^^ . . . "99"^^ . "Eunuch court official"@en . "Chho\u00E0 L\u00FBn"@en . . "Hong Kong Museum of History"@en . . . . . . "Cai Lun"@en . . "101"^^ . . . . "89"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ts'ai Lun (Wade-Giles: Ts'ai Lun, \u8521\u502B) (Hedi) enperadorearen eunuko eta kontseilari inperial txinatarra. Han dinastiaren korteetan bizi izan zen (77-110 eta beste batzuen arabera 50-121). Gaur egungoarekin antz handia duen papera asmatzearren ezaguna. \n* Datuak: Q229235 \n* Multimedia: Cai Lun"@eu . . . . . "4"^^ . . . "Cchaj Lun (\u010D\u00EDnsky pchin-jinem C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, znaky zjednodu\u0161en\u00E9 \u8521\u4F26, tradi\u010Dn\u00ED \u8521\u502B, asi 50, , Chu-nan \u2013 121) byl vysok\u00FD \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00FD \u00FA\u0159edn\u00EDk a ministr, kter\u00FD je v \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 tradici pova\u017Eov\u00E1n za vyn\u00E1lezce pap\u00EDru. Cchaj Lun byl eunuch, kter\u00FD vstoupil do slu\u017Eeb c\u00EDsa\u0159sk\u00E9ho pal\u00E1ce v roce 75. Roku 89 se stal hlavn\u00EDm eunuchem a ministrem orby pod z dynastie Chan (vl\u00E1dl 88\u2013105/106). Kolem roku 105 Cchaj pojal my\u0161lenku vytvo\u0159en\u00ED list\u016F pap\u00EDru z macerovan\u00E9 k\u016Fry strom\u016F, konopn\u00E9ho odpadu, star\u00FDch hadr\u016F a ryb\u00E1\u0159sk\u00FDch s\u00EDt\u00ED. Uk\u00E1zalo se, \u017Ee takto z\u00EDskan\u00FD pap\u00EDr se mnohem v\u00EDce hodil na psan\u00ED ne\u017E tkanina z \u010Dist\u00E9ho hedv\u00E1b\u00ED, kter\u00E1 se k tomuto \u00FA\u010Delu do t\u00E9 doby v \u010C\u00EDn\u011B u\u017E\u00EDvala. Nav\u00EDc v\u00FDroba byla m\u00E9n\u011B n\u00E1kladn\u00E1. C\u00EDsa\u0159 byl z objevu nad\u0161en a Cchaj Lun za odm\u011Bnu z\u00EDskal \u0161lechtick\u00FD titul. Nakonec se v\u0161ak stal ob\u011Bt\u00ED pal\u00E1cov\u00FDch intrik a sp\u00E1chal sebevra\u017Edu vypit\u00EDm \u010D\u00ED\u0161e jedu. Existuj\u00ED nicm\u00E9n\u011B auto\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ED upozor\u0148uj\u00ED, \u017Ee pap\u00EDr patrn\u011B vynalezl ve skute\u010Dnosti n\u011Bkdo z poddan\u00FDch a vyn\u00E1lez byl Cchaj Lunovi jako vysok\u00E9mu \u00FA\u0159edn\u00EDkovi jen p\u0159ips\u00E1n, jak bylo v t\u00E9 dob\u011B obvykl\u00E9. Zp\u016Fsob v\u00FDroby pap\u00EDru pr\u00FD zdokonalil Cchaj\u016Fv \u017E\u00E1k a pap\u00EDr se v jeho dob\u011B rychle roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159il po cel\u00E9 \u010C\u00EDn\u011B. Ve 3. stolet\u00ED se u\u017E\u00EDval ji\u017E b\u011B\u017En\u011B. Kolem 7. stolet\u00ED pronikl do Koreje a Japonska. A\u017E ve 12. stolet\u00ED se dostal do Evropy, Cchajovo jm\u00E9no zde v\u0161ak z\u016Fst\u00E1valo dlouho nezn\u00E1m\u00E9."@cs . "135"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "48"^^ . "\u062A\u0633\u0627\u064A \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u060C \u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 105 \u0642.\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u064A\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062A\u0633\u0627\u064A \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062C\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062E\u0635\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u062A\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062C\u062F\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062A\u0633\u0627\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062A\u064A\u062C\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062F \u0631\u0642\u064A\u062A \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0628\u062A\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u064A \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0646\u062A\u064A\u062C\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062B\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u062A\u0648\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0626\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0647\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u062E\u0632\u064A\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062D\u0645 \u062B\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u0641\u062E\u0631 \u062B\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645."@ar . . . . "52"^^ . "no"@en . . "53"^^ . . "40"^^ . . "Monro"@en . "Cai Lun"@en . . . . . . "Cai Lun"@ca . "Cai Lun (chinois traditionnel : \u8521\u502B ; chinois simplifi\u00E9 : \u8521\u4F26 ; pinyin : C\u00E0i L\u00FAn ; Wade : Ts\u2019ai Lun), (v. 50 - 121), dont le pr\u00E9nom social \u00E9tait J\u00ECngzh\u00F2ng (\u656C\u4EF2), est un eunuque haut fonctionnaire de la cour imp\u00E9riale chinoise pendant la dynastie des Han orientaux. Cai est un personnage c\u00E9l\u00E8bre de l'histoire chinoise car on lui attribue, par tradition, l'invention du papier, ou tout au moins l'am\u00E9lioration de sa technique de fabrication. Il aurait eu l'id\u00E9e, en l'an 105, de remplacer les supports anciens de l'\u00E9criture, c'est-\u00E0-dire les tablettes de bambou et la soie, par un papier r\u00E9alis\u00E9 \u00E0 partir d'une p\u00E2te \u00E0 base d'\u00E9corce d'arbres (notamment de m\u00FBrier \u00E0 papier), de lin et de chanvre. L'arch\u00E9ologie vient contredire cette tradition. Des fragments de papiers issus de fibres v\u00E9g\u00E9tales nettement ant\u00E9rieurs \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque de Cai Lun ont \u00E9t\u00E9 retrouv\u00E9s dans un certain nombre de sites chinois, les plus anciens datant du IIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. ou du d\u00E9but du Ier si\u00E8cle av. J.-C.. Au vu du tr\u00E8s faible nombre de documents anciens en papier parvenus jusqu'\u00E0 nous, on ne peut pas affirmer que Cai Lun ait eu un r\u00F4le d\u00E9terminant d'un point de vue technique, ni du point de vue d'une production plus massive, ni m\u00EAme que son \u00E9poque ait vu l'administration imp\u00E9riale se mettre soudainement \u00E0 utiliser plus couramment le papier. Le pouvoir imp\u00E9rial chinois a particip\u00E9 \u00E0 forger la l\u00E9gende de Cai Lun par le biais d'une biographie officielle, conduisant \u00E0 en faire une sorte de divinit\u00E9 des papetiers. Un temple en son honneur aurait \u00E9t\u00E9 \u00E9rig\u00E9 \u00E0 Chengdu pendant la dynastie Song (960-1279). Dans le grand public chinois actuel, Cai Lun personnifie le r\u00F4le de la Chine dans l'essor de l'industrie papeti\u00E8re."@fr . . "\u0426\u0430\u0439 \u041B\u0443\u043D\u044C (\u043A\u0438\u0442. \u8521\u4F26, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0442. \u8521\u4F26, C\u00E0i L\u00FAn; 50 \u2014 121) \u2014 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0425\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0443."@uk . . . . . . . "C\u00E0i L\u00FAn"@en . . "27"^^ . . "Cai Lun"@nl . "de Crespigny"@en . . "J\u00ECngzh\u00F2ng"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "1978"^^ . . . "Cchaj Lun (\u010D\u00EDnsky pchin-jinem C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, znaky zjednodu\u0161en\u00E9 \u8521\u4F26, tradi\u010Dn\u00ED \u8521\u502B, asi 50, , Chu-nan \u2013 121) byl vysok\u00FD \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00FD \u00FA\u0159edn\u00EDk a ministr, kter\u00FD je v \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 tradici pova\u017Eov\u00E1n za vyn\u00E1lezce pap\u00EDru. Cchaj Lun byl eunuch, kter\u00FD vstoupil do slu\u017Eeb c\u00EDsa\u0159sk\u00E9ho pal\u00E1ce v roce 75. Roku 89 se stal hlavn\u00EDm eunuchem a ministrem orby pod z dynastie Chan (vl\u00E1dl 88\u2013105/106). Kolem roku 105 Cchaj pojal my\u0161lenku vytvo\u0159en\u00ED list\u016F pap\u00EDru z macerovan\u00E9 k\u016Fry strom\u016F, konopn\u00E9ho odpadu, star\u00FDch hadr\u016F a ryb\u00E1\u0159sk\u00FDch s\u00EDt\u00ED. Uk\u00E1zalo se, \u017Ee takto z\u00EDskan\u00FD pap\u00EDr se mnohem v\u00EDce hodil na psan\u00ED ne\u017E tkanina z \u010Dist\u00E9ho hedv\u00E1b\u00ED, kter\u00E1 se k tomuto \u00FA\u010Delu do t\u00E9 doby v \u010C\u00EDn\u011B u\u017E\u00EDvala. Nav\u00EDc v\u00FDroba byla m\u00E9n\u011B n\u00E1kladn\u00E1. C\u00EDsa\u0159 byl z objevu nad\u0161en a Cchaj Lun za odm\u011Bnu z\u00EDskal \u0161lechtick\u00FD titul. Nakonec se v\u0161ak stal ob\u011Bt\u00ED pal\u00E1cov\u00FDch intrik a sp\u00E1"@cs . . . . "14"^^ . . "2"^^ . . "Day"@en . "3"^^ . . . "Cai Lun (ur. oko\u0142o 50 w miejscowo\u015Bci Guiyang (obecnie Leiyang), zm. 121) \u2013 chi\u0144ski urz\u0119dnik i wynalazca metody masowej produkcji papieru nadaj\u0105cego si\u0119 do cel\u00F3w pi\u015Bmienniczych."@pl . . . "1966"^^ . . . "1962"^^ . "Ts'ai Lun"@eu . . "50"^^ . "52"^^ . . . "Hart"@en . "13"^^ . . . . "60"^^ . . . . . "131"^^ . "Barrett"@en . . "Tsien"@en . . "Hart"@en . "39"^^ . "40"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Cai Lun"@in . "37"^^ . "\u0426\u0430\u0439 \u041B\u0443\u043D\u044C (\u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434. \u8521\u502B, \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u8521\u4F26, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C C\u00E0i L\u00FAn; 50\u2014121) \u2014 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0438\u0441\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438. \u0426\u0430\u0439 \u041B\u0443\u043D\u044C \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435 \u041B\u044D\u0439\u044F\u043D \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0439\u044F\u043D. \u0412 75 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u0432\u043D\u0443\u0445\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0430\u043B \u0432 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u0412 105 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043B \u0434\u043E\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 \u043E\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438, \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C. \u0418\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0425\u044D-\u0434\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0436\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0446\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0435 \u0410\u043D\u044C-\u0434\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0438\u043B \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u044C \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C, \u0432\u044B\u043F\u0438\u0432 \u044F\u0434."@ru . . "1925"^^ . . "Carter"@en . . "\u8521 \u502B\uFF08\u3055\u3044 \u308A\u3093\u300163\u5E74 - 121\u5E74\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u5F8C\u6F22\u306E\u5BA6\u5B98\u3002\u5B57\u306F\u656C\u4EF2\u3002\u834A\u5DDE\u6842\u967D\u90E1\u8012\u967D\u770C\u306B\u751F\u307E\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u5F8C\u6F22\u6642\u4EE3\u3001\u5916\u621A\u3068\u5BA6\u5B98\u306E\u9593\u3067\u6FC0\u3057\u3044\u6A29\u529B\u95D8\u4E89\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u304C\u3001\u912D\u8846\u3068\u8521\u502B\u306F\u305D\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u4EBA\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u307E\u305F\u3001\u6728\u306E\u76AE\u3084\u7AF9\u3001\u7D79\u306E\u5E03\u306A\u3069\u306B\u6587\u5B57\u304C\u66F8\u304B\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u6642\u4EE3\u3067\u88FD\u7D19\u6CD5\u3092\u6539\u826F\u3057\u3001\u5B9F\u7528\u7684\u306A\u7D19\u306E\u88FD\u9020\u666E\u53CA\u306B\u591A\u5927\u306A\u8CA2\u732E\u3092\u3057\u305F\u4EBA\u7269\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . "121"^^ . . . . . . . . ""@en . . "Cai Lun .svg"@en . . . . "Cai Lun"@de . "1"^^ . "203"^^ . "Cai Lun"@en . . "3"^^ . "4"^^ . . "1996"^^ . . . "2000"^^ . "Cai Lun (chino tradicional: \u8521\u502B, chino simplificado: \u8521\u4F26, pinyin: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, Wade-Giles: Ts'ai Lun) fue un consejero imperial chino eunuco del Emperador He de Han, que vivi\u00F3 en la corte de la dinast\u00EDa Han (entre los a\u00F1os 77 y 110 o, seg\u00FAn otras fuentes, entre 50 y 121\u200B). En China se le considera tradicionalmente como el inventor del papel, ya que bajo su administraci\u00F3n se perfeccion\u00F3 la t\u00E9cnica de fabricaci\u00F3n del material utilizado para la escritura de documentos, que pas\u00F3 a tener unas propiedades similares a las del papel actual, bastante diferente del papiro y el pergamino utilizados en \u00E9pocas m\u00E1s antiguas. Aunque en China exist\u00EDan formas tempranas de papel desde el siglo II a. C.,\u200B \u00E9l fue el responsable de la primera mejora significativa y normalizaci\u00F3n de la fabricaci\u00F3n del papel, mediante"@es . "12"^^ . "CAI Lun (tradicia \u0109ina skribo: \u8521\u502B; simpligita \u0109ina skribo: \u8521\u4F26; pinjino: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn; Wade-Giles: T'sai Lun) (ca. 50 p.K. \u2013 121), honora nomo Jingzhong (\u656C\u4EF2), estis \u0109ina e\u016Dnuko, kiu estas vaste rigardita kiel la inventisto de papero kaj la moderna procezo de paperfarado, anstata\u016D pli primitivaj formoj kiel papiruso. Kvankam ekzistis papero en \u0108inio anta\u016D Cai Lun (ekde la 2-a jarcento a.K.) li pioniris la unuan gravan plibonigadon kaj normigadon de paperfarado, per aldono de esencaj novaj materialoj en \u011Dia miksa\u0135o."@eo . . . "2020"^^ . "Wagner"@en . "Tsien"@en . . . "Cai Lun (chinois traditionnel : \u8521\u502B ; chinois simplifi\u00E9 : \u8521\u4F26 ; pinyin : C\u00E0i L\u00FAn ; Wade : Ts\u2019ai Lun), (v. 50 - 121), dont le pr\u00E9nom social \u00E9tait J\u00ECngzh\u00F2ng (\u656C\u4EF2), est un eunuque haut fonctionnaire de la cour imp\u00E9riale chinoise pendant la dynastie des Han orientaux. L'arch\u00E9ologie vient contredire cette tradition. Des fragments de papiers issus de fibres v\u00E9g\u00E9tales nettement ant\u00E9rieurs \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque de Cai Lun ont \u00E9t\u00E9 retrouv\u00E9s dans un certain nombre de sites chinois, les plus anciens datant du IIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. ou du d\u00E9but du Ier si\u00E8cle av. J.-C.."@fr . "2016"^^ . . "120"^^ . "2018"^^ . "\u0426\u0430\u0439 \u041B\u0443\u043D\u044C (\u043A\u0438\u0442. \u8521\u4F26, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0442. \u8521\u4F26, C\u00E0i L\u00FAn; 50 \u2014 121) \u2014 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0425\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0443."@uk . . "176"^^ . "2016"^^ . . "2009"^^ . . "Cai Lun, anche scritto Ts'ai Lun (50 circa \u2013 121 circa), \u00E8 stato un inventore cinese. Vissuto sotto la dinastia Han, ne divenne successivamente un alto funzionario dell'Imperatore He, presso cui cur\u00F2 innovazioni tecniche a partire dalle armi. A lui \u00E8 tradizionalmente attribuita l'invenzione della carta intorno al 105."@it . . . "Cai Lun (traditioneel Chinees: \u8521\u502B; vereenvoudigd Chinees: \u8521\u4F26; pinyin: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn; Wade-Giles: Ts'ai Lun) (ca. 50 - 121), was een Chinese eunuch die gezien wordt als de uitvinder van het papier, vergelijkbaar met het huidige papier (in tegenstelling tot het Egyptische papyrus). Hij werd geboren in Guiyang tijdens de Oosterse Han-dynastie en werd secretaris van keizer He. Hij probeerde met materialen als boombast, hennep, zijde en visnet papier te maken, maar de exacte formule kennen we niet. De keizer was blij met de uitvinding en gaf hem een titel en rijkdom. Hoewel papier nu overal wordt gebruikt, is hij buiten Oost-Azi\u00EB nog maar weinig bekend. Nadat Cai Lun in 105 het papier had uitgevonden, werd het meteen overal in China veel gebruikt. In 751 werden een paar Chinese papiermakers gevangengenomen door de Arabieren nadat troepen uit de Tang-dynastie verslagen werden in de Slag van Talas. De techniek van het papiermaken verspreidde zich toen naar het Westen. Cai Luns bijdrage wordt als een van de belangrijkste ontdekkingen in de wereld gezien, omdat het China mogelijk maakte zich veel sneller te ontwikkelen dan met eerdere schrijfmaterialen (vooral bamboe), net zoals in Europa, waar het in de 12e en 13e eeuw werd ge\u00EFntroduceerd."@nl . "Hunter"@en . "99"^^ . "Cai Lun (chinesisch \u8521\u502B, Pinyin C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, W.-G. Ts'ai Lun; * um 50; \u2020 um 121) war ein Eunuch und Beamter der Beh\u00F6rde f\u00FCr Fertigung von Instrumenten und Waffen am chinesischen Kaiserhof aus Guiyang in der Provinz Hunan unter Kaiser He. Cai Lun dokumentierte um 105 n. Chr. die Papierherstellung im \u00F6stlichen Han-Reich und gilt als der Erfinder des Papieres, obwohl erwiesen ist, dass es schon seit dem 2. Jh. v. Chr. Papier gegeben hat. Er beschreibt das Aufschlie\u00DFen (Lignine und Inkrusten) von Pflanzenfasern (Ramiegras, Bambusgras oder Maulbeerbast) und Hadern (Lumpen) und die Methode des \u201EVerfilzens\u201C durch Sch\u00F6pfen mit einer Form. Er nimmt aufgrund seiner Hinzuf\u00FCgung von Zellstoff \u00FCber Baumrinde und Hanfspitzen, die zur gro\u00DF angelegten Herstellung und weltweiten Verbreitung von Papier f\u00FChrte, einen zentralen Platz in der Geschichte des Papiers ein."@de . . "2007"^^ . "101"^^ . . "2000"^^ . . "2001"^^ . . . . "105"^^ . . "106"^^ . "108"^^ . "1998"^^ . . . . ""@en . . "\uCC44\uB95C"@ko . . . "\u8521\u4F26\uFF0862\u5E74\uFF0D121\u5E74\uFF09\uFF0C\u5B57\u656C\u4EF2\uFF0C\u6842\u9633\u90E1\u8012\u9633\uFF08\u4ECA\u6E56\u5357\u7701\u8012\u9633\u5E02\uFF09\u4EBA\uFF0C\u4E1C\u6C49\u5BA6\u5B98\u3002\u8521\u502B\u767C\u660E\u4E86\u9020\u7EB8\u6280\u672F\uFF0C\u6269\u5927\u4E86\u9020\u7EB8\u539F\u6599\u7684\u6765\u6E90\uFF0C\u628A\u6811\u76AE\u3001\u7834\u5E03\u3001\u9EBB\u5934\u548C\u9C7C\u7F51\u8FD9\u4E9B\u5E9F\u5F03\u7269\u54C1\u90FD\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u8D77\u6765\uFF0C\u964D\u4F4E\u4E86\u7EB8\u7684\u6210\u672C\uFF0C\u5C24\u5176\u662F\u7528\u6811\u76AE\u505A\u539F\u6D46\u7EB8\u7684\u5148\u58F0\uFF0C\u4E3A\u9020\u7EB8\u4E1A\u7684\u53D1\u5C55\u5F00\u8F9F\u4E86\u5E7F\u9614\u7684\u9014\u5F84\uFF0C\u88AB\u6F22\u548C\u5E1D\u5C01\u70BA\u9F8D\u4EAD\u4FAF\u3002"@zh . . "1985"^^ . "\u039F \u03A4\u03C3\u03AC\u03B9 \u039B\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD (pinyin: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, Wade\u2013Giles: Ts'ai Lun, \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B5\u03B6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: \u8521\u4F26, 48\u2013121 \u03BC.\u03A7.), \u03CC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C5\u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2: \u0396\u03B9\u03BD\u03B3\u03BA\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD\u03B3\u03BA (\u656C\u4EF2) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u039A\u03B9\u03BD\u03AD\u03B6\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C2, \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0394\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03A7\u03B1\u03BD. \u0395\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03CE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BC\u03BF\u03B9\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03AF \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5 \u03C3\u03AE\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 (\u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C0\u03AC\u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03BF). \u03A4\u03BF \u03AD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 104 \u03BC.\u03A7. \u03B8\u03B5\u03C9\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03C6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03AD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF\u03BD \u03BF \u03A4\u03C3\u03AC\u03B9 \u039B\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03AF\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C4\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1, \u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03B5\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03B5\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03CC\u03BB\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AC, \u03C0\u03C1\u03AD\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BC\u03B5 \u03C5\u03C0' \u03CC\u03C8\u03B9\u03BD, \u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1\u03B3\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03CB\u03C0\u03AE\u03C1\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u039A\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1 \u03AE\u03B4\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD 2 \u03B1\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0.\u03A7., \u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CC\u03C3\u03BF \u03BF \u03A4\u03C3\u03AC\u03B9 \u039B\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B5\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B2\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C7\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2, \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03B8"@el . ""@en . "89"^^ . . . . . . "91"^^ . "1985"^^ . . . "Ching4-Chung4"@en . . "Print of a bearded and formally dressed man surrounded by four attendants, a pig and a chicken"@en . . "44057"^^ . . "1996"^^ . . . . . "\u8521\u502B"@ja . "Ts'ai Lun (Wade-Giles: Ts'ai Lun, \u8521\u502B) (Hedi) enperadorearen eunuko eta kontseilari inperial txinatarra. Han dinastiaren korteetan bizi izan zen (77-110 eta beste batzuen arabera 50-121). Gaur egungoarekin antz handia duen papera asmatzearren ezaguna. \n* Datuak: Q229235 \n* Multimedia: Cai Lun"@eu . . . . "Tsien"@en . "2001"^^ . "122"^^ . . . "Cai Lun (traditioneel Chinees: \u8521\u502B; vereenvoudigd Chinees: \u8521\u4F26; pinyin: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn; Wade-Giles: Ts'ai Lun) (ca. 50 - 121), was een Chinese eunuch die gezien wordt als de uitvinder van het papier, vergelijkbaar met het huidige papier (in tegenstelling tot het Egyptische papyrus). Hij werd geboren in Guiyang tijdens de Oosterse Han-dynastie en werd secretaris van keizer He. Hij probeerde met materialen als boombast, hennep, zijde en visnet papier te maken, maar de exacte formule kennen we niet. De keizer was blij met de uitvinding en gaf hem een titel en rijkdom."@nl . . . "2007"^^ . . "Kern"@en . "2009"^^ . "2011"^^ . "0050"^^ . . . . "1985"^^ . . "2016"^^ . . "2018"^^ . . . . . "Narita"@en . . "Provisional Urban Council"@en . . . . . . . . "Cai Lun, anche scritto Ts'ai Lun (50 circa \u2013 121 circa), \u00E8 stato un inventore cinese. Vissuto sotto la dinastia Han, ne divenne successivamente un alto funzionario dell'Imperatore He, presso cui cur\u00F2 innovazioni tecniche a partire dalle armi. A lui \u00E8 tradizionalmente attribuita l'invenzione della carta intorno al 105."@it . . . . . . "Rose"@en . . . "1962"^^ . . "\u8521\u4F26\uFF0862\u5E74\uFF0D121\u5E74\uFF09\uFF0C\u5B57\u656C\u4EF2\uFF0C\u6842\u9633\u90E1\u8012\u9633\uFF08\u4ECA\u6E56\u5357\u7701\u8012\u9633\u5E02\uFF09\u4EBA\uFF0C\u4E1C\u6C49\u5BA6\u5B98\u3002\u8521\u502B\u767C\u660E\u4E86\u9020\u7EB8\u6280\u672F\uFF0C\u6269\u5927\u4E86\u9020\u7EB8\u539F\u6599\u7684\u6765\u6E90\uFF0C\u628A\u6811\u76AE\u3001\u7834\u5E03\u3001\u9EBB\u5934\u548C\u9C7C\u7F51\u8FD9\u4E9B\u5E9F\u5F03\u7269\u54C1\u90FD\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u8D77\u6765\uFF0C\u964D\u4F4E\u4E86\u7EB8\u7684\u6210\u672C\uFF0C\u5C24\u5176\u662F\u7528\u6811\u76AE\u505A\u539F\u6D46\u7EB8\u7684\u5148\u58F0\uFF0C\u4E3A\u9020\u7EB8\u4E1A\u7684\u53D1\u5C55\u5F00\u8F9F\u4E86\u5E7F\u9614\u7684\u9014\u5F84\uFF0C\u88AB\u6F22\u548C\u5E1D\u5C01\u70BA\u9F8D\u4EAD\u4FAF\u3002"@zh . "\uCC44\uB95C(\u8521\u502B, 50\uB144? ~ 121\uB144?)\uC740 \uC911\uAD6D \uD6C4\uD55C \uC911\uAE30\uC758 \uD658\uAD00\uC73C\uB85C, \uC790\uB294 \uACBD\uC911(\u656C\u4EF2)\uC774\uBA70, \uACC4\uC591\uAD70 \uB1CC\uC591\uD604(\u8012\u967D\u7E23) \uC0AC\uB78C\uC774\uB2E4. \uC885\uC774\uB97C \uBC1C\uBA85\uD55C \uC778\uBB3C\uB85C \uC9C8 \uBA85\uC81C \uB54C\uBD80\uD130 \uD658\uAD00\uC73C\uB85C \uC870\uC815\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uAC04 \uD6C4 \uD654\uC81C \uB54C \uAD81\uC911\uC758 \uACF5\uBC29 \uC7A5\uAD00\uC778 \uC0C1\uBC29\uB839\uC5D0 \uCDE8\uC784\uD558\uC5EC \uAD81\uC911\uC758 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0 \uB3C4\uAD6C\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uB098\uBB34\uAECD\uC9C8, \uC0BC\uBCA0 \uC870\uAC01, \uD5CC \uD5DD\uAC8A, \uB0A1\uC740 \uADF8\uBB3C \uB530\uC704\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC \uC885\uC774\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uACE0, 105\uB144\uC5D0 \uC774\uAC83\uC744 \uD669\uC81C\uC5D0\uAC8C \uBC14\uCCD0 \uB110\uB9AC \uC4F0\uC774\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uB294\uB370, \uB2F9\uC2DC\uC5D0\uB294 \uC774 \uC885\uC774\uB97C '\uCC44\uD6C4\uC9C0(\u8521\u4FAF\u7D19)'\uB77C\uACE0 \uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC774 \uC2DD\uBB3C \uC12C\uC720\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD574\uC11C \uB9CC\uB4E0 \uC885\uC774\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC774\uBA70, \uD6C4\uC138\uC758 \uBB38\uD654 \uBC1C\uC804\uC5D0 \uD06C\uAC8C \uC774\uBC14\uC9C0\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . "Eliot"@en . . . . . . . . . . "McNeil"@en . . . . "1935"^^ . . "Cai Lun foi um alto funcion\u00E1rio da corte imperial, na dinastia Han, que inventou o papel a partir de casca de amoreira e fibra de bambu, no ano 105. Na China \u00E9 tradicionalmente considerado o inventor do papel, pois sob sua administra\u00E7\u00E3o foi aperfei\u00E7oada a t\u00E9cnica de fabrica\u00E7\u00E3o do material utilizado para a escrita de documentos, que passou a ter propriedades semelhantes \u00E0s do papel atual, bem diferentes do papiro e do pergaminho usados \u200B\u200Bantigamente. Embora as primeiras formas de papel existissem na China a partir do s\u00E9culo II a.C., ele foi respons\u00E1vel pela primeira melhoria e padroniza\u00E7\u00E3o significativa da fabrica\u00E7\u00E3o de papel, adicionando novos materiais essenciais \u00E0 sua composi\u00E7\u00E3o. Segundo as cr\u00F4nicas hist\u00F3ricas chinesas, a inven\u00E7\u00E3o do papel teria ocorrido no ano 105 d.C. Considera-se que as melhorias de Cai na fabrica\u00E7\u00E3o de papel tiveram um enorme impacto na hist\u00F3ria humana, e daqueles que criaram as Quatro Grandes Inven\u00E7\u00F5es da China - a b\u00FAssola, a p\u00F3lvora, a fabrica\u00E7\u00E3o de papel e a impress\u00E3o - Cai \u00E9 o \u00FAnico inventor cujo nome \u00E9 conhecido. Embora na China ele seja reverenciado no culto aos ancestrais, deificado como o deus da fabrica\u00E7\u00E3o de papel e apare\u00E7a no folclore chin\u00EAs, ele \u00E9 praticamente desconhecido fora do leste da \u00C1sia. Sua cidade natal em Leiyang continua sendo um centro ativo de produ\u00E7\u00E3o de papel."@pt . . . . . . . . . "Peterson"@en . . "Cai Lun (Kinesiska: \u8521\u502B, C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, Wade-Giles: Ts'ai Lun), f\u00F6dd omkring \u00E5r 50, d\u00F6d \u00E5r 121, var en eunuck och kinesisk minister fr\u00E5n Guiyang i provinsen Hunan under kejsare He. Cai Lun dokumenterade omkring \u00E5r 105 e. Kr. pappersframst\u00E4llningen i \u00F6stra Han-riket och r\u00E4knas som uppfinnaren av tekniken f\u00F6r tillverkning av papper genom att avvattna en fibersuspension p\u00E5 en viraduk. \u00C4ven om papper hade tillverkats i Kina sedan 100-talet f. Kr., var Cai Lun ansvarig f\u00F6r signifikanta f\u00F6rb\u00E4ttringar och standardisering av papperstillverkningen genom nya apparatkonstruktioner f\u00F6r tillverkningsprocessen."@sv . "Eliot"@en . . . "1966"^^ . . "0121"^^ . "Tsha Lun"@en . "Kern"@en . . . "Cchaj Lun"@cs . "Posthumous 18th-century Qing dynasty print of Cai as the patron of papermaking"@en . . . "140955"^^ . . "1978"^^ . . ""@en . "David"@en . . "Cai Lun (Chinese: \u8521\u4F26; courtesy name: Jingzhong (\u656C\u4EF2); c.\u200950\u201362 \u2013 121 CE), formerly romanized as Ts'ai Lun, was a Chinese eunuch court official of the Eastern Han dynasty. He is traditionally regarded as the inventor of paper and the modern papermaking process. Although early forms of paper had existed since the 3rd century BCE, he occupies a pivotal place in the history of paper due to his addition of pulp via tree bark and hemp ends, which resulted in the large-scale manufacture and worldwide spread of paper. Born in Guiyang Commandery (in what is now Leiyang), Cai arrived at the imperial court in by 75 CE, where he served as a chamberlain for Emperor Ming, and then as Xiao Huangmen, an imperial messenger for Emperor Zhang. To assist Lady Dou in securing her adopted son as designated heir, he interrogated Consort Song and her sister, who then killed themselves. When Emperor He ascended the throne in 88 CE, Dou awarded Cai with two positions: , a political counselor to the emperor that was the highest position for eunuchs of the time, and also as Shangfang Ling, where Cai oversaw the production of instruments and weapons at the Palace Workshop. Despite Emperor He's successful coup d'\u00E9tat against the Dou family in 92 CE, Cai was undisturbed by his former ally's downfall. His position in the Palace Workshop increased in scope; he became responsible for the production of ceremonial weapons, which the Hou Hanshu reports were of exemplary craftsmanship. However, Cai's most noted innovation was in 105 CE, when he substantially improved the papermaking process with the use of tree bark, hemp waste, old rags, and fishnets. His new type of paper quickly displaced the bamboo and wooden slips used until then, and Cai received wealth and fame throughout the empire. In 110 CE, Lady Deng, who had become the empress dowager to the young Emperor An, appointed Cai to oversee 100 scholars' new edition of the Five Classics. Cai was rewarded for his imperial service in 114 CE; he received the title of marquis, and was enfeoffed lord of , a small village. When his ally Deng died in 121 CE, Cai was ordered to the Ministry of Justice because of his involvement in the death of the emperor's grandmother, Consort Song. Ashamed at his predicament and expecting to be sentenced to death, he committed suicide that year and died in the capital city in which he had spent almost his entire adult life. Cai's improvements to paper-making are considered to have had an enormous impact on human history, and of those who created China's Four Great Inventions\u2014the compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing\u2014Cai is the only inventor whose name is known. Although in China he is revered in ancestor worship, deified as the god of papermaking, and appears in Chinese folklore, he is mostly unknown outside of East Asia. His hometown in Leiyang remains an active center of paper production."@en . "Cai Lun (chino tradicional: \u8521\u502B, chino simplificado: \u8521\u4F26, pinyin: C\u00E0i L\u00FAn, Wade-Giles: Ts'ai Lun) fue un consejero imperial chino eunuco del Emperador He de Han, que vivi\u00F3 en la corte de la dinast\u00EDa Han (entre los a\u00F1os 77 y 110 o, seg\u00FAn otras fuentes, entre 50 y 121\u200B). En China se le considera tradicionalmente como el inventor del papel, ya que bajo su administraci\u00F3n se perfeccion\u00F3 la t\u00E9cnica de fabricaci\u00F3n del material utilizado para la escritura de documentos, que pas\u00F3 a tener unas propiedades similares a las del papel actual, bastante diferente del papiro y el pergamino utilizados en \u00E9pocas m\u00E1s antiguas. Aunque en China exist\u00EDan formas tempranas de papel desde el siglo II a. C.,\u200B \u00E9l fue el responsable de la primera mejora significativa y normalizaci\u00F3n de la fabricaci\u00F3n del papel, mediante la adici\u00F3n de nuevos materiales esenciales para su composici\u00F3n.\u200B De acuerdo con las cr\u00F3nicas hist\u00F3ricas chinas, la invenci\u00F3n del papel habr\u00EDa ocurrido en el a\u00F1o 105 d. C."@es . "Rose"@en . "Cai Lun"@it . . "Poo"@en . . "1121812194"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .