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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:State_constitution_(United_States)
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rdfs:label
美国州宪法 州の憲法 (アメリカ合衆国) Constitutions des États des États-Unis State constitution (United States) Конституция штата (США)
rdfs:comment
州の憲法（アメリカ合衆国）は、アメリカ合衆国の各州で制定・施行されている憲法である。 Aux États-Unis, chaque État a sa propre constitution. Généralement, elles ont une longueur supérieure aux 8 500 mots de la constitution fédérale et sont plus détaillées en ce qui concerne les relations au jour le jour entre le gouvernement et la population. La plus courte est la Constitution du Vermont, adoptée en 1793, qui a actuellement 8 295 mots. La plus longue est la sixième et actuelle version de la Constitution de l'Alabama, ratifiée en 1901, avec 357 157 mots. Les deux types de constitutions, fédérale et d'États, sont des textes organiques : elles sont les plans fondamentaux pour les organisations juridiques et politiques des États-Unis et des États. 州宪法（State constitution (United States)）為美国各州自己的憲法。从历史上看，州宪法的字数比美国宪法的7,500字多一些，并且更多的是关于州政府和人民日常关系的细节。例如：佛蒙特州的州宪法是8,295字而阿拉巴马州最近的1901年批准的州宪法是310,296个字。联邦政府和州政府宪法文件之间的不同的长度和细节规因于其不同的目的和用途。无论是联邦还是各州的宪法，都是相应一级的法律和政治组织的基础。但美国宪法规定了限制联邦政府的权力，州宪法描述了结构细节和那些不能给联邦政府的权力。许多州认为一些解决具体问题的法律很重要，从而将其非常详细的写入到州宪法中。另外，所有州宪法都必须符合美国宪法。 In the United States, each state has its own written constitution. They are much longer than the United States Constitution, which only contains 4,543 words. State constitutions are all longer than 8,000 words because they are more detailed regarding the day-to-day relationships between government and the people. The shortest is the Constitution of Vermont, adopted in 1793 and currently 8,295 words long. The longest is Alabama's sixth and current constitution, ratified in 1901, about 345,000 words long. Both the federal and state constitutions are organic texts: they are the fundamental blueprints for the legal and political organizations of the United States and the states, respectively. Конститу́ция шта́та (англ. State constitution) — основной закон одного из 50 штатов США, устанавливающий структуру правительства, политические процессы и ограничения на использование власти штатом на территории США. Первые конституции штатов были приняты в 1776 году в Делавэре, Мэриленде, Нью-Гэмпшире, Нью-Джерси, Северной Каролине, Пенсильвании, Южной Каролине и Виргинии. Штат Род-Айленд принял свою действующую конституцию в 1986 году, что делает её самой «новой» на сегодняшний день.
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dbo:abstract
Конститу́ция шта́та (англ. State constitution) — основной закон одного из 50 штатов США, устанавливающий структуру правительства, политические процессы и ограничения на использование власти штатом на территории США. Первые конституции штатов были приняты в 1776 году в Делавэре, Мэриленде, Нью-Гэмпшире, Нью-Джерси, Северной Каролине, Пенсильвании, Южной Каролине и Виргинии. Штат Род-Айленд принял свою действующую конституцию в 1986 году, что делает её самой «новой» на сегодняшний день. Обычно конституция штата намного длиннее, чем конституция Соединённых Штатов, которая содержит 4 543 слова. Все конституции штатов длиннее 8 000 слов, так как они более подробно описывают повседневные отношения между правительством и гражданами. 州の憲法（アメリカ合衆国）は、アメリカ合衆国の各州で制定・施行されている憲法である。 In the United States, each state has its own written constitution. They are much longer than the United States Constitution, which only contains 4,543 words. State constitutions are all longer than 8,000 words because they are more detailed regarding the day-to-day relationships between government and the people. The shortest is the Constitution of Vermont, adopted in 1793 and currently 8,295 words long. The longest is Alabama's sixth and current constitution, ratified in 1901, about 345,000 words long. Both the federal and state constitutions are organic texts: they are the fundamental blueprints for the legal and political organizations of the United States and the states, respectively. The Bill of Rights provides that "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." The Guarantee Clause of Article 4 of the Constitution states that "The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government." These two provisions indicate states did not surrender their wide latitude to adopt a constitution, the fundamental documents of state law, when the U.S. Constitution was adopted. Typically state constitutions address a wide array of issues deemed by the states to be of sufficient importance to be included in the constitution rather than in an ordinary statute. Often modeled after the federal Constitution, they outline the structure of the state government and typically establish a bill of rights, an executive branch headed by a governor (and often one or more other officials, such as a lieutenant governor and state attorney general), a state legislature, and state courts, including a state supreme court (a few states have two high courts, one for civil cases, the other for criminal cases). They also provide general governmental framework for what each branch is supposed to do and how it should go about doing it. Additionally, many other provisions may be included. Many state constitutions, unlike the federal constitution, also begin with an invocation of God. Some states allow amendments to the constitution by initiative. Many states have had several constitutions over the course of their history. The territories of the United States are "organized" and, thus, self-governing if the United States Congress has passed an Organic Act. Two of the 14 territories without commonwealth status – Guam and the United States Virgin Islands – are organized, but haven't adopted their own constitutions. One unorganized territory, American Samoa, has its own constitution. The remaining 13 unorganized territories have no permanent populations and are either under direct control of the U.S. Government or operate as military bases. The commonwealths of Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) do not have organic acts but operate under local constitutions. Pursuant to the acquisition of Puerto Rico under the Treaty of Paris, 1898, the relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States is controlled by Article IV of the United States Constitution. Constitutional law in the CNMI is based upon a series of constitutional documents, the most important of which are the 1976 Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in political union with the United States of America, which controls the relationship between the CNMI and the United States; and the local commonwealth constitution, drafted in 1976, ratified by the people of the CNMI in March 1977, accepted by the United States Government in October 1977, and effective from 9 January 1978. Aux États-Unis, chaque État a sa propre constitution. Généralement, elles ont une longueur supérieure aux 8 500 mots de la constitution fédérale et sont plus détaillées en ce qui concerne les relations au jour le jour entre le gouvernement et la population. La plus courte est la Constitution du Vermont, adoptée en 1793, qui a actuellement 8 295 mots. La plus longue est la sixième et actuelle version de la Constitution de l'Alabama, ratifiée en 1901, avec 357 157 mots. Les deux types de constitutions, fédérale et d'États, sont des textes organiques : elles sont les plans fondamentaux pour les organisations juridiques et politiques des États-Unis et des États. Le dixième amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis, dans la partie de la Déclaration des Droits, prévoit que « Les pouvoirs qui ne sont pas délégués aux États-Unis par la Constitution, ni refusés par elle aux États, sont réservés aux États ou au peuple. ». La clause garantie de l'article IV de la Constitution des États-Unis dispose que « Les États-Unis garantiront à chaque État de l'Union une forme républicaine de gouvernement. ». Ces deux dispositions indiquent que les États ne cédaient pas leur pouvoir à adopter une constitution, documentation fondamentale des loi d'État, lorsque la Constitution des États-Unis a été adoptée. En général, les constitutions des États abordent un large éventail de questions jugées par les États comme ayant une importance suffisante pour y être incluses dans la Constitution plutôt que dans une loi ordinaire. Souvent inspirées par la Constitution fédérale, elles définissent la structure du gouvernement de l'État et généralement établissent une charte des droits et libertés, un pouvoir exécutif dirigé par le gouverneur (et souvent un ou plusieurs autres (en), comme un lieutenant-gouverneur ou un procureur général d'État), une législature d'État et une cour d'État, incluant une cour suprême d'État (certains États ont deux tribunaux de grande instance, l'un pour les affaires civiles, l'autre pour les affaires pénales). Certains États autorisent les amendements par (en) (référendum). De nombreux États ont eu plusieurs constitutions au cours de leur histoire. 州宪法（State constitution (United States)）為美国各州自己的憲法。从历史上看，州宪法的字数比美国宪法的7,500字多一些，并且更多的是关于州政府和人民日常关系的细节。例如：佛蒙特州的州宪法是8,295字而阿拉巴马州最近的1901年批准的州宪法是310,296个字。联邦政府和州政府宪法文件之间的不同的长度和细节规因于其不同的目的和用途。无论是联邦还是各州的宪法，都是相应一级的法律和政治组织的基础。但美国宪法规定了限制联邦政府的权力，州宪法描述了结构细节和那些不能给联邦政府的权力。许多州认为一些解决具体问题的法律很重要，从而将其非常详细的写入到州宪法中。另外，所有州宪法都必须符合美国宪法。
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