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Subject Item
dbr:Rudolf_Peierls
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Rudolf Peierls Rudolf Peierls 魯道夫·佩爾斯 Rudolf Peierls ルドルフ・パイエルス Rudolf Peierls 루돌프 파이얼스 Rudolf Peierls Rudolf Peierls رودولف بيرلز Пайерлс, Рудольф Rudolf Ernst Peierls Rudolf Peierls Rudolf Peierls Rudolf Peierls Rudolf Peierls Rudolf Peierls Рудольф Пайєрлс Rudolf Peierls
rdfs:comment
Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, född den 5 juni 1907 i Berlin, död den 19 september 1995 i Oxford i England, var en tyskfödd brittisk fysiker. Peierls spelade en viktig roll i Storbritanniens kärnfysiska program, men han hade också en funktion i många moderna vetenskapliga program. Han studerade på ett vid Cambridge University då Adolf Hitler kom till makten i hemlandet Tyskland. Han fick tillåtelse att stanna i Storbritannien och han arbetade i Manchester med ett forskningsprojekt tillsammans med andra flyktingar. År 1937 blev han professor i matematisk fysik vid University of Birmingham och 1963 professor vid University of Oxford. Peierls pensionerades 1974. Han blev kommendör av Brittiska imperieorden 1945 och adlades 1968. Peierls blev Fellow of the Royal Society 1945. Han tilldelades Royal Rudolf Ernst Peierls, (Berlín, 5 de junio de 1907 - Oxford, 19 de septiembre de 1995), fue un físico británico nacido en Alemania en el seno de una familia judía. Estudió en Múnich con Arnold Sommerfeld. En 1933, mientras se encontraba becado en Cambridge, comenzó la purga de las universidades alemanas por parte de las autoridades nazis y decidió quedarse exiliado en Reino Unido. En febrero de 1940 obtuvo la ciudadanía británica.​ Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, CBE FRS (/ˈpaɪ.ərlz/; German: [ˈpaɪɐls]; 5 June 1907 – 19 September 1995) was a German-born British physicist who played a major role in Tube Alloys, Britain's nuclear weapon programme, as well as the subsequent Manhattan Project, the combined Allied nuclear bomb programme. His obituary in Physics Today described him as "a major player in the drama of the eruption of nuclear physics into world affairs". Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 juin 1907 - 19 septembre 1995) est un physicien théoricien allemand. Il s'installa en Angleterre en 1933, et y fit tout le reste de sa carrière universitaire. Il a été anobli en 1968. Рудольф Ернст Пайєрлс (англ. Rudolf Ernst Peierls; 5 червня 1907, Берлін — 19 вересня 1995, Оксфорд) — англійський фізик — теоретик німецького походження. Член Лондонського королівського товариства (1945). Іноземний член Академії наук СРСР (1988). Sir Rudolph Ernst Peierls (* 5. Juni 1907 in Berlin; † 19. September 1995 in Oxford) war ein deutsch-britischer Physiker. Rudolf Peierls (alemany: Rudolf Ernst Peierls) (Berlín, 5 de juny de 1907 - Oxford, 19 de setembre de 1995) fou un físic britànic nascut a Alemanya en una família jueva. Rudolph Peierls va tenir un paper important al programa nuclear de Gran Bretanya, col·laborant amb el Projecte Manhattan, però també va tenir un paper destacat en moltes ciències modernes. El seu impacte sobre la física pot ser probablement millor descrit per la seva obituari de Physics Today: "Rudolph Peierls ... un actor important en el drama de la irrupció de la física nuclear en els assumptes del món ..."". Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, CBE (5 Juni 1907 – 19 September 1995) adalah seorang fisikawan Inggris kelahiran Jerman yang memiliki peran besar dalam , dan juga memiliki peran dalam beberapa ilmu modern. Obituarinya dalam Physics Today menyebutnya sebagai "seorang pemain besar dalam drama puncak fisika nuklir dalam urusan dunia...". 魯道夫·恩斯特·佩爾斯爵士,CBE(英語:Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls,1907年6月5日-1995年9月15日),出生於德國的犹太裔物理學家,后加入英国籍。魯道夫·佩爾斯是中的重要人物,但同時亦在不少現代科學領域中起到了作用。《》雜誌中的訃聞描述他為“核物理爆發性地進入世界事務這齣劇中的主要角色……”。曾担任其助手的克劳斯·富赫斯是著名的核武器间谍,于1941-1949年间向苏联提供了包括原子弹设计方案和相关计算方法在内的大量高价值情报。 ルドルフ・エルンスト・パイエルス(Rudolf Ernst Peierls、1907年6月5日 - 1995年9月19日)は、ドイツ生まれのイギリスの物理学者。王立協会フェロー。 一次元電子-格子系が、構造不安定性を持つことを指摘した(パイエルス不安定性、パイエルス転移)。 루돌프 에른스트 파이얼스(독일어: Rudolf Ernst Peierls, 1907–1995)는 독일 태생의 물리학자다. 나치 독일을 피해 영국으로 이민하였고, 영국의 핵무기 개발에 참여하였다. 군사적 연구 밖에도, 물리학의 여러 분야에 공헌하였다. Fisicí teoiriciúil a rugadh i mBeirlín ab ea Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 Meitheamh 1909 - 19 Meán Fómhair 1995). Rinne sé taighde ar fheidhmiú na teoirice candamaí ar sholaid is na hiarmhairtí maighnéadacha. Duine d'fhoireann Thionscadal Manhattan i rith an dara cogadh domhanda chun an buama adamhach a shaothrú. Rudolph Ernst Peierls (Berlim, 5 de junho de 1907 — Oxford, 19 de setembro de 1995) foi um físico teuto-britânico. Sir Rudolf Peierls (Berlino, 5 giugno 1907 – Oxford, 19 settembre 1995) è stato un fisico britannico.Tedesco di nascita, divenne cittadino britannico nel 1938 ed ebbe un ruolo importante nel programma nucleare militare britannico. Il suo impatto sulla fisica può essere meglio espresso dal suo necrologio su Physics Today: «Rudolph Peierls... il più grande attore del dramma dell'irruzione della fisica nucleare negli affari mondiali...». Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (Berlijn, 5 juni 1907 – Oxford, 19 september 1995) was een in Duitsland geboren Brits natuurkundige. Peierls had een belangrijke rol in het Britse atoomprogramma. Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5. června 1907, Berlín - 19. září 1995, Oxford) byl britský fyzik německého původu, který sehrál důležitou roli v britském jaderném programu a v mnoha dalších vědeckých programech. Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (Berlin, 1907ko ekainaren 5a - Oxford, 1995eko irailaren 19a) alemaniar-britainiar fisikaria izan zen. Bere garaiko fisikari nagusiekin jardun zuen: Sommerfelden jarraitzaile izan zen Munichen eta Heisenbergena Leipzigen, eta Pauliren laguntzailea izan zen Zurichen. Birminghameko Unibertsitateko fisikako irakasle egin zuten 1937. urtean. Quantumen mekanikak jakintzaren beste alor batzuetan izan ditzakeen aplikazioei buruzko ikerketak egiten hasi zen. Bere ekarpen nagusiak egoera solidoaren fisikari, lehenik, eta ondoren, fisika nuklearrari buruz egindako ikerketak dira. Solidoen teoria ikertu zuen eta eremu magnetikoak eroapen elektroietan duen eragina aztertu zuen bereziki. 1929an gai ez-metalikoetan bero-eroapena nola gertatzen den azaldu zuen, eta tenperatura السير رودولف ارنست بيرلز (بالألمانية: Rudolf Peierls)‏ (5 يونيو 1907 - 19 سبتمبر 1995) هو فيزيائي ألماني الأصل وبريطاني المولد، كان له دور فعال في البرنامج النووي بريطانيا بالإضافة لإنجازات عديدة في مختلف فروع العلوم. Сэр Рудольф Эрнст Па́йерлс (англ. Rudolf Ernst Peierls; 5 июня 1907, Берлин — 19 сентября 1995, Оксфорд) — английский физик-теоретик немецкого происхождения. Член Лондонского королевского общества (1945), иностранный член Национальной академии наук США (1970), Французской академии наук (1984), Академии наук СССР (1988).
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Zur kinetischen Theorie der Wärmeleitung in Kristallen
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1929
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1907-06-05
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Rudolf Ernst Peierls
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Rudolf Peierls in 1966
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German British
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2012-09-26
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0001-09-19
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Rudolf Peierls own biographical notes from Los Alamos National Laboratory as a pdf
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0001-06-20
dbo:abstract
Rudolf Ernst Peierls, (Berlín, 5 de junio de 1907 - Oxford, 19 de septiembre de 1995), fue un físico británico nacido en Alemania en el seno de una familia judía. Estudió en Múnich con Arnold Sommerfeld. En 1933, mientras se encontraba becado en Cambridge, comenzó la purga de las universidades alemanas por parte de las autoridades nazis y decidió quedarse exiliado en Reino Unido. En febrero de 1940 obtuvo la ciudadanía británica.​ Rudolph Peierls, junto a Otto Frisch —con quien coincidió en Birmingham—, tuvo un papel importante en el programa nuclear de Gran Bretaña, colaborando con el Proyecto Manhattan, pero también tuvo un papel destacado en muchas ciencias modernas. Su impacto sobre la física puede ser probablemente mejor descrito por su obituario de Física Hoy: "Rudolph Peierls ... un actor importante en el drama de la irrupción de la física nuclear en los asuntos del mundo ...".​ Rudolf Peierls (alemany: Rudolf Ernst Peierls) (Berlín, 5 de juny de 1907 - Oxford, 19 de setembre de 1995) fou un físic britànic nascut a Alemanya en una família jueva. Rudolph Peierls va tenir un paper important al programa nuclear de Gran Bretanya, col·laborant amb el Projecte Manhattan, però també va tenir un paper destacat en moltes ciències modernes. El seu impacte sobre la física pot ser probablement millor descrit per la seva obituari de Physics Today: "Rudolph Peierls ... un actor important en el drama de la irrupció de la física nuclear en els assumptes del món ..."". Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (Berlijn, 5 juni 1907 – Oxford, 19 september 1995) was een in Duitsland geboren Brits natuurkundige. Peierls had een belangrijke rol in het Britse atoomprogramma. Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, CBE FRS (/ˈpaɪ.ərlz/; German: [ˈpaɪɐls]; 5 June 1907 – 19 September 1995) was a German-born British physicist who played a major role in Tube Alloys, Britain's nuclear weapon programme, as well as the subsequent Manhattan Project, the combined Allied nuclear bomb programme. His obituary in Physics Today described him as "a major player in the drama of the eruption of nuclear physics into world affairs". Peierls studied physics at the University of Berlin, at the University of Munich under Arnold Sommerfeld, the University of Leipzig under Werner Heisenberg, and ETH Zurich under Wolfgang Pauli. After receiving his DPhil from Leipzig in 1929, he became an assistant to Pauli in Zurich. In 1932, he was awarded a Rockefeller Fellowship, which he used to study in Rome under Enrico Fermi, and then at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge under Ralph H. Fowler. Because of his Jewish background, he elected to not return home after Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, but to remain in Britain, where he worked with Hans Bethe at the Victoria University of Manchester, then at the Mond Laboratory at Cambridge. In 1937, Mark Oliphant, the newly appointed Australian professor of physics at the University of Birmingham recruited him for a new chair there in applied mathematics. In March 1940, Peierls co-authored the Frisch–Peierls memorandum with Otto Robert Frisch. This short paper was the first to set out that one could construct an atomic bomb from a small amount of fissile uranium-235. Until then it had been assumed that such a bomb would require many tons of uranium, and consequently was impractical to build and use. The paper was pivotal in igniting the interest of first the British and later the American authorities in nuclear weapons. He was also responsible for the recruitment of his compatriot Klaus Fuchs to work on Tube Alloys, as the British nuclear weapons project was called, which resulted in Peierls falling under suspicion when Fuchs was exposed as a spy for the Soviet Union in 1950. After the war, Peierls returned to the University of Birmingham, where he worked until 1963, and then was the Wykeham Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford until he retired in 1974. At Birmingham he worked on nuclear forces, scattering, quantum field theories, collective motion in nuclei, transport theory and statistical mechanics, and was a consultant to the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell. He received many awards, including a knighthood in 1968, and wrote several books including Quantum Theory of Solids, The Laws of Nature (1955), Surprises in Theoretical Physics (1979), More Surprises in Theoretical Physics (1991) and an autobiography, Bird of Passage (1985). Concerned with the nuclear weapons he had helped to unleash, he worked on the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, was President of the Atomic Scientists' Association in the UK, and was involved in the Pugwash movement. Sir Rudolf Peierls (Berlino, 5 giugno 1907 – Oxford, 19 settembre 1995) è stato un fisico britannico.Tedesco di nascita, divenne cittadino britannico nel 1938 ed ebbe un ruolo importante nel programma nucleare militare britannico. Il suo impatto sulla fisica può essere meglio espresso dal suo necrologio su Physics Today: «Rudolph Peierls... il più grande attore del dramma dell'irruzione della fisica nucleare negli affari mondiali...». Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 juin 1907 - 19 septembre 1995) est un physicien théoricien allemand. Il s'installa en Angleterre en 1933, et y fit tout le reste de sa carrière universitaire. Il a été anobli en 1968. 루돌프 에른스트 파이얼스(독일어: Rudolf Ernst Peierls, 1907–1995)는 독일 태생의 물리학자다. 나치 독일을 피해 영국으로 이민하였고, 영국의 핵무기 개발에 참여하였다. 군사적 연구 밖에도, 물리학의 여러 분야에 공헌하였다. Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, född den 5 juni 1907 i Berlin, död den 19 september 1995 i Oxford i England, var en tyskfödd brittisk fysiker. Peierls spelade en viktig roll i Storbritanniens kärnfysiska program, men han hade också en funktion i många moderna vetenskapliga program. Han studerade på ett vid Cambridge University då Adolf Hitler kom till makten i hemlandet Tyskland. Han fick tillåtelse att stanna i Storbritannien och han arbetade i Manchester med ett forskningsprojekt tillsammans med andra flyktingar. År 1937 blev han professor i matematisk fysik vid University of Birmingham och 1963 professor vid University of Oxford. Peierls pensionerades 1974. Han blev kommendör av Brittiska imperieorden 1945 och adlades 1968. Peierls blev Fellow of the Royal Society 1945. Han tilldelades Royal Medal 1959, Lorentzmedaljen 1962, Max Planck-medaljen 1963, Matteuccimedaljen 1982 och Copleymedaljen 1986. Sir Rudolph Ernst Peierls (* 5. Juni 1907 in Berlin; † 19. September 1995 in Oxford) war ein deutsch-britischer Physiker. Fisicí teoiriciúil a rugadh i mBeirlín ab ea Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 Meitheamh 1909 - 19 Meán Fómhair 1995). Rinne sé taighde ar fheidhmiú na teoirice candamaí ar sholaid is na hiarmhairtí maighnéadacha. Duine d'fhoireann Thionscadal Manhattan i rith an dara cogadh domhanda chun an buama adamhach a shaothrú. 魯道夫·恩斯特·佩爾斯爵士,CBE(英語:Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls,1907年6月5日-1995年9月15日),出生於德國的犹太裔物理學家,后加入英国籍。魯道夫·佩爾斯是中的重要人物,但同時亦在不少現代科學領域中起到了作用。《》雜誌中的訃聞描述他為“核物理爆發性地進入世界事務這齣劇中的主要角色……”。曾担任其助手的克劳斯·富赫斯是著名的核武器间谍,于1941-1949年间向苏联提供了包括原子弹设计方案和相关计算方法在内的大量高价值情报。 Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (Berlin, 1907ko ekainaren 5a - Oxford, 1995eko irailaren 19a) alemaniar-britainiar fisikaria izan zen. Bere garaiko fisikari nagusiekin jardun zuen: Sommerfelden jarraitzaile izan zen Munichen eta Heisenbergena Leipzigen, eta Pauliren laguntzailea izan zen Zurichen. Birminghameko Unibertsitateko fisikako irakasle egin zuten 1937. urtean. Quantumen mekanikak jakintzaren beste alor batzuetan izan ditzakeen aplikazioei buruzko ikerketak egiten hasi zen. Bere ekarpen nagusiak egoera solidoaren fisikari, lehenik, eta ondoren, fisika nuklearrari buruz egindako ikerketak dira. Solidoen teoria ikertu zuen eta eremu magnetikoak eroapen elektroietan duen eragina aztertu zuen bereziki. 1929an gai ez-metalikoetan bero-eroapena nola gertatzen den azaldu zuen, eta tenperatura txikietako bero-eroapenari buruzko lanak ere egin zituen. 1930eko hamarraldiaren inguruan fisika nuklearrean murgildu zelarik, 1938. urtean nukleoen talkei buruzko teoria bat osatu zuen, eta handik bi urtera, batera, frogatu zuen posible zela uranio aberastuko kopuru txiki batean kate-erreakzio bat sortzea elektroi-igorpenen bidez. السير رودولف ارنست بيرلز (بالألمانية: Rudolf Peierls)‏ (5 يونيو 1907 - 19 سبتمبر 1995) هو فيزيائي ألماني الأصل وبريطاني المولد، كان له دور فعال في البرنامج النووي بريطانيا بالإضافة لإنجازات عديدة في مختلف فروع العلوم. Rudolph Ernst Peierls (Berlim, 5 de junho de 1907 — Oxford, 19 de setembro de 1995) foi um físico teuto-britânico. Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, CBE (5 Juni 1907 – 19 September 1995) adalah seorang fisikawan Inggris kelahiran Jerman yang memiliki peran besar dalam , dan juga memiliki peran dalam beberapa ilmu modern. Obituarinya dalam Physics Today menyebutnya sebagai "seorang pemain besar dalam drama puncak fisika nuklir dalam urusan dunia...". Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5. června 1907, Berlín - 19. září 1995, Oxford) byl britský fyzik německého původu, který sehrál důležitou roli v britském jaderném programu a v mnoha dalších vědeckých programech. Рудольф Ернст Пайєрлс (англ. Rudolf Ernst Peierls; 5 червня 1907, Берлін — 19 вересня 1995, Оксфорд) — англійський фізик — теоретик німецького походження. Член Лондонського королівського товариства (1945). Іноземний член Академії наук СРСР (1988). Сэр Рудольф Эрнст Па́йерлс (англ. Rudolf Ernst Peierls; 5 июня 1907, Берлин — 19 сентября 1995, Оксфорд) — английский физик-теоретик немецкого происхождения. Член Лондонского королевского общества (1945), иностранный член Национальной академии наук США (1970), Французской академии наук (1984), Академии наук СССР (1988). ルドルフ・エルンスト・パイエルス(Rudolf Ernst Peierls、1907年6月5日 - 1995年9月19日)は、ドイツ生まれのイギリスの物理学者。王立協会フェロー。 一次元電子-格子系が、構造不安定性を持つことを指摘した(パイエルス不安定性、パイエルス転移)。
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