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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:David_Brewster
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rdfs:label
David Brewster David Brewster David Brewster David Brewster David Brewster David Brewster David Brewster ディヴィッド・ブリュースター David Brewster David Brewster David Brewster David Brewster Девід Брюстер David Brewster Брюстер, Дейвид 大卫·布儒斯特 ديفيد بروستر David Brewster David Brewster
rdfs:comment
David Brewster (11. prosince 1781, – 10. února 1868, ) byl skotský fyzik, matematik, vynálezce a historik vědy. Sir David Brewster KH PRSE FRS FSA Scot FSSA MICE (11 December 1781 – 10 February 1868) was a British scientist, inventor, author, and academic administrator. In science he is principally remembered for his experimental work in physical optics, mostly concerned with the study of the polarization of light and including the discovery of Brewster's angle. He studied the birefringence of crystals under compression and discovered photoelasticity, thereby creating the field of optical mineralogy. For this work, William Whewell dubbed him the "father of modern experimental optics" and "the Johannes Kepler of optics." Sir David Brewster (ur. 11 grudnia 1781 w Jedburgh, zm. 10 lutego 1868 w Allerby) – szkocki fizyk, rektor uniwersytetów – św. Andrzeja od 1838 i Edynburskiego od 1859. Zajmował się między innymi polaryzacją światła, czym przyczynił się do odkrycia kąta Brewstera. Wynalazł kalejdoskop, który mógł się według niego przydać do projektowania dywanów. Wynalezienie przez niego stereoskopu soczewkowego stanowiło znaczny postęp w stosunku do wynalazku stereoskopu zwierciadlanego Wheatstone'a. Laureat Medalu Rumforda i Medalu Copleya. David Brewster (1781 - 1868) fue un científico escocés, destacado naturalista, inventor y escritor. Realizó investigaciones en el campo de la óptica, incluyendo la polarización de la luz y la birrefringencia de cristales bajo compresión, creando el campo de la mineralogía óptica.​ Así mismo, descubrió la fotoelasticidad.​ Inventó el caleidoscopio, y perfeccionó el estereoscopio. También fue el primer Director en la Universidad de Saint Andrews de 1837 a 1859 y más adelante trabajó como director en la Universidad de Edimburgo, de 1859 a 1868. Fisicí Albanach ab ea David Brewster (11 Nollaig 1781 – 10 Feabhra 1868). Rinne sé taighde ar pholarú solais. Cheap sé an córas dia-optrach chun an soilsiú ó thithe solais a fheabhsú. B'fhéidir gurb é a cheap an cailéideascóp. 大卫·布儒斯特爵士 KH FRS （英語：Sir David Brewster，1781年12月11日－1868年2月10日），蘇格蘭數學家、物理學家、天文學家、發明家及作家。布儒斯特在光學範疇的貢獻最為顯著。他研究了壓縮所致雙折射現象，並發現了光彈性效應，從而建立了礦物光學。威廉·休厄爾稱其為「現代實驗光學之父」和「光學中的約翰內斯·開普勒」。 他發明了萬花筒，並改良了用於攝影的。他稱此為「透鏡立體鏡」，這是首個能隨身攜帶的3D眼鏡。他也發明了雙筒照相機、兩種、多區域鏡片以及燈塔照明燈。 布儒斯特一生致力普及科學。他是的創辦人之一，在1849年成為該會主席。他也是一共18卷《愛丁堡百科全書》的編輯之一。 David Brewster, FRS, (Jedburgh, 11 de dezembro de 1781 — Melrose, 10 de fevereiro de 1868) foi um cientista e inventor escocês. Сер Де́від Брю́стер (англ. Sir David Brewster; 11 грудня 1781 — 10 лютого 1868) — шотландський фізик, член Лондонського королівського товариства (1815), президент Королівського товариства Единбурга (1864). Sir David Brewster (* 11. Dezember 1781 bei Jedburgh, Schottland; † 10. Februar 1868 in Allerly bei Melrose) war ein schottischer Physiker, Wiederentdecker des Kaleidoskops sowie Erfinder des dioptrischen Stereoskops. Sir David Brewster FRS (Canongate, 1781eko abenduaren 11 – Allerly, 1868ko otsailaren 10a) zientzialari, asmatzaile, idazle eta akademia administatibo eskoziarra izan zen. Ezaguna da argiaren polarizazioaren inguruan egin zituen azterketengatik. Zehazki esateko, islapen bidezko polarizazioaren legea deskubritu zuen. Lege horri bere izena eman zaio. David BREWSTER (naskiĝis la 11-an de decembro 1781 en , mortis la 10-an de februaro 1868 en ) estis skota fizikisto. Li estis rektoro de Universitato St. Andrews ekde 1838 kaj de Universitato de Edinburgo ekde 1859. Li laboris pri la polusigado de lumo, inventis kalejdoskopon kaj plibonigis stereoskopon. Sir David Brewster (Jedburgh, 11 décembre 1781 – 10 février 1868) est un physicien, un inventeur et un écrivain écossais. David Brewster (Jedburgh (Schotland), 11 december 1781 - bij Melrose, 10 februari 1868) was een Schots natuurkundige. Hij was de uitvinder van de caleidoscoop en van de dioptrische stereoscoop. Sir David Brewster, född 11 december 1781 i Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, död 10 februari 1868, var en skotsk fysiker, matematiker och astronom. Brewster var professor i fysik vid universitetet i Edinburgh och sekreterare i Royal Society. För sina vetenskapliga insatser upphöjdes han till baronet. På hans förslag sammanträdde 1831 i York en församling av naturforskare, och detta ledde till upprättandet av det vetenskapliga samfundet "British Association for the Advancement of Science". Redan 1825 valdes han till korresponderande medlem av Institut de France och 1849, efter Jöns Jacob Berzelius död, till en av dess åtta ordinarie utländska ledamöter. Han tilldelades Copleymedaljen 1815, Rumfordmedaljen 1818 och Royal Medal 1830. السير ديفيد بروستر (بالإنجليزية: David Brewster)‏ ـ (11 ديسمبر 1781 ـ 10 فبراير 1868) فيزيائي ورياضي وفلكي ومخترع وكاتب اسكتلندي تنسب إلى اسمه زاوية الاستقطاب فتسمى «زاوية بروستر». حصل على وسام رمفورد من الجمعية الملكية البريطانية سنة 1818 تقديراً لاكتشافاته في مجال استقطاب الضوء. サー・ディヴィッド・ブルースター （Sir David Brewster、1781年12月11日 - 1868年2月10日）は、スコットランドの科学者。 Сэр Дейвид Брюстер (англ. Sir David Brewster; 11 декабря 1781 — 10 февраля 1868) — шотландский физик, биограф и преподаватель, редактор. Член Лондонского королевского общества (1815), президент Эдинбургского королевского общества (1864) David Brewster (11 de desembre de 1781 - 10 de febrer de 1868), va ser un científic, naturalista escocès, inventor i escriptor. Va realitzar recerques en el camp de l'òptica (polarització de la llum, doble refracció, etc.). Va inventar el calidoscopi, la lupa Coddington i va perfeccionar l'estereoscopi donant lloc al conegut com a visor estereoscòpic Brewster. Les seves recerques sobre la polarització de la llum li van valer la Medalla Copley en 1815. Brewster també va ser el primer Director a la Universitat de Saint Andrews del 1837 al 1859 i més endavant va treballar com a director a la Universitat d'Edimburg del 1859 al 1868. Sir David Brewster (Jedburgh, 11 dicembre 1781 – , 10 febbraio 1868) è stato un fisico e inventore britannico, noto per il perfezionamento dello stereoscopio, inventato da Charles Wheatstone, e del caleidoscopio.
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David Brewster
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David Brewster
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Allerly House, Gattonside, Roxburghshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
dbo:deathDate
1868-02-10
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Canongate, Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, Kingdom of Great Britain
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1781-12-11
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Fisicí Albanach ab ea David Brewster (11 Nollaig 1781 – 10 Feabhra 1868). Rinne sé taighde ar pholarú solais. Cheap sé an córas dia-optrach chun an soilsiú ó thithe solais a fheabhsú. B'fhéidir gurb é a cheap an cailéideascóp. السير ديفيد بروستر (بالإنجليزية: David Brewster)‏ ـ (11 ديسمبر 1781 ـ 10 فبراير 1868) فيزيائي ورياضي وفلكي ومخترع وكاتب اسكتلندي تنسب إلى اسمه زاوية الاستقطاب فتسمى «زاوية بروستر». حصل على وسام رمفورد من الجمعية الملكية البريطانية سنة 1818 تقديراً لاكتشافاته في مجال استقطاب الضوء. Sir David Brewster (Jedburgh, 11 dicembre 1781 – , 10 febbraio 1868) è stato un fisico e inventore britannico, noto per il perfezionamento dello stereoscopio, inventato da Charles Wheatstone, e del caleidoscopio. Sir David Brewster FRS (Canongate, 1781eko abenduaren 11 – Allerly, 1868ko otsailaren 10a) zientzialari, asmatzaile, idazle eta akademia administatibo eskoziarra izan zen. Ezaguna da argiaren polarizazioaren inguruan egin zituen azterketengatik. Zehazki esateko, islapen bidezko polarizazioaren legea deskubritu zuen. Lege horri bere izena eman zaio. Brewster bere optika fisikoko lan esperimentalagatik ezaguna da, bereziki argiaren polarizazio alorrean eta Brewster angeluaren aurkikuntzagatik. Horrez gain, errefrakzio bikoitza ikertu zuen kriistaletan konpresiopean eta aurkitu zuen, mineralogia optikoaren alorra eratuz. Argazkilaritzan pioneroa zen, Brewster-ek estereoskopioa hobetuz, "estereoskopio lentikular" izenpean, eta lehen 3D-tan ikusteko gailu eramangarria eratuz. Gainera, kamara binokularra, bi motatako polarimetroak, lente polizonalak, itsasargiko argiztatzea, eta kaleidoskopioa asmatu zituen. Sir David Brewster (ur. 11 grudnia 1781 w Jedburgh, zm. 10 lutego 1868 w Allerby) – szkocki fizyk, rektor uniwersytetów – św. Andrzeja od 1838 i Edynburskiego od 1859. Zajmował się między innymi polaryzacją światła, czym przyczynił się do odkrycia kąta Brewstera. Wynalazł kalejdoskop, który mógł się według niego przydać do projektowania dywanów. Wynalezienie przez niego stereoskopu soczewkowego stanowiło znaczny postęp w stosunku do wynalazku stereoskopu zwierciadlanego Wheatstone'a. Laureat Medalu Rumforda i Medalu Copleya. Сэр Дейвид Брюстер (англ. Sir David Brewster; 11 декабря 1781 — 10 февраля 1868) — шотландский физик, биограф и преподаватель, редактор. Член Лондонского королевского общества (1815), президент Эдинбургского королевского общества (1864) Sir David Brewster, född 11 december 1781 i Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, död 10 februari 1868, var en skotsk fysiker, matematiker och astronom. Brewster var professor i fysik vid universitetet i Edinburgh och sekreterare i Royal Society. För sina vetenskapliga insatser upphöjdes han till baronet. På hans förslag sammanträdde 1831 i York en församling av naturforskare, och detta ledde till upprättandet av det vetenskapliga samfundet "British Association for the Advancement of Science". Redan 1825 valdes han till korresponderande medlem av Institut de France och 1849, efter Jöns Jacob Berzelius död, till en av dess åtta ordinarie utländska ledamöter. Han tilldelades Copleymedaljen 1815, Rumfordmedaljen 1818 och Royal Medal 1830. År 1816 uppfann han kalejdoskopet. Sin största förtjänst inlade han dock genom sina undersökningar över ljusets polarisation, absorption och dubbelbrytning. Han var den siste motståndaren till . Sina viktigaste fysikaliska avhandlingar, vilka länge utgjorde en gruva för senare forskare, nedlade han i de "Transactions", som utgavs av Edinburghs vetenskapssocietet, av vilken han var ledamot från 1808. Nämnda år övertog han redaktionen av "Edinburgh Encyclopædia", som innehåller många av honom författade uppsatser. År 1808 började han utge "Edinburgh Encyclopædia" (fullbordad 1830), och 1819 grundade han tillsammans med "Edinburgh Philosophical Journal", som efterträdde "Edinburgh Magazine" och som efter någon tid fick titeln förändrad till "Edinburgh Journal of Science"; sistnämnda tidskrift redigerade han ensam 1824-32. Han invaldes 1821 som utländsk ledamot nummer 229 av Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien. Fenomenet Brewstervinkel är uppkallat efter honom. David Brewster (Jedburgh (Schotland), 11 december 1781 - bij Melrose, 10 februari 1868) was een Schots natuurkundige. Hij was de uitvinder van de caleidoscoop en van de dioptrische stereoscoop. Sir David Brewster (Jedburgh, 11 décembre 1781 – 10 février 1868) est un physicien, un inventeur et un écrivain écossais. Сер Де́від Брю́стер (англ. Sir David Brewster; 11 грудня 1781 — 10 лютого 1868) — шотландський фізик, член Лондонського королівського товариства (1815), президент Королівського товариства Единбурга (1864). サー・ディヴィッド・ブルースター （Sir David Brewster、1781年12月11日 - 1868年2月10日）は、スコットランドの科学者。 David Brewster (11 de desembre de 1781 - 10 de febrer de 1868), va ser un científic, naturalista escocès, inventor i escriptor. Va realitzar recerques en el camp de l'òptica (polarització de la llum, doble refracció, etc.). Va inventar el calidoscopi, la lupa Coddington i va perfeccionar l'estereoscopi donant lloc al conegut com a visor estereoscòpic Brewster. Les seves recerques sobre la polarització de la llum li van valer la Medalla Copley en 1815. Brewster també va ser el primer Director a la Universitat de Saint Andrews del 1837 al 1859 i més endavant va treballar com a director a la Universitat d'Edimburg del 1859 al 1868. * Llei de Brewster - Física - En incidir un raig de llum sobre la superfície de separació de dos mitjans òptics, el raig reflectit i el refractat sofreixen una polarització màxima quan l'angle d'incidència és tal que les adreces de propagació d'aquests rajos són perpendiculars. David BREWSTER (naskiĝis la 11-an de decembro 1781 en , mortis la 10-an de februaro 1868 en ) estis skota fizikisto. Li estis rektoro de Universitato St. Andrews ekde 1838 kaj de Universitato de Edinburgo ekde 1859. Li laboris pri la polusigado de lumo, inventis kalejdoskopon kaj plibonigis stereoskopon. Sir David Brewster KH PRSE FRS FSA Scot FSSA MICE (11 December 1781 – 10 February 1868) was a British scientist, inventor, author, and academic administrator. In science he is principally remembered for his experimental work in physical optics, mostly concerned with the study of the polarization of light and including the discovery of Brewster's angle. He studied the birefringence of crystals under compression and discovered photoelasticity, thereby creating the field of optical mineralogy. For this work, William Whewell dubbed him the "father of modern experimental optics" and "the Johannes Kepler of optics." A pioneer in photography, Brewster invented an improved stereoscope, which he called "lenticular stereoscope" and which became the first portable 3D-viewing device. He also invented the stereoscopic camera, two types of polarimeters, the polyzonal lens, the lighthouse illuminator, and the kaleidoscope. Brewster was a devout Presbyterian and marched arm-in-arm with his brother during the events of the Disruption of 1843, which led to the formation of the Free Church of Scotland. As a historian of science, Brewster focused on the life and work of his hero, Isaac Newton. Brewster published a detailed biography of Newton in 1831 and later became the first scientific historian to examine many of the papers in Newton's Nachlass. Brewster also wrote numerous works of popular science, and was one of the founders of the British Science Association, of which he was elected President in 1849. He became the public face of higher education in Scotland, serving as Principal of the University of St Andrews (1837–1859) and later of the University of Edinburgh (1859–1868). Brewster also edited the 18-volume Edinburgh Encyclopædia. David Brewster (1781 - 1868) fue un científico escocés, destacado naturalista, inventor y escritor. Realizó investigaciones en el campo de la óptica, incluyendo la polarización de la luz y la birrefringencia de cristales bajo compresión, creando el campo de la mineralogía óptica.​ Así mismo, descubrió la fotoelasticidad.​ Inventó el caleidoscopio, y perfeccionó el estereoscopio. También fue el primer Director en la Universidad de Saint Andrews de 1837 a 1859 y más adelante trabajó como director en la Universidad de Edimburgo, de 1859 a 1868. Sir David Brewster (* 11. Dezember 1781 bei Jedburgh, Schottland; † 10. Februar 1868 in Allerly bei Melrose) war ein schottischer Physiker, Wiederentdecker des Kaleidoskops sowie Erfinder des dioptrischen Stereoskops. David Brewster, FRS, (Jedburgh, 11 de dezembro de 1781 — Melrose, 10 de fevereiro de 1868) foi um cientista e inventor escocês. David Brewster (11. prosince 1781, – 10. února 1868, ) byl skotský fyzik, matematik, vynálezce a historik vědy. 大卫·布儒斯特爵士 KH FRS （英語：Sir David Brewster，1781年12月11日－1868年2月10日），蘇格蘭數學家、物理學家、天文學家、發明家及作家。布儒斯特在光學範疇的貢獻最為顯著。他研究了壓縮所致雙折射現象，並發現了光彈性效應，從而建立了礦物光學。威廉·休厄爾稱其為「現代實驗光學之父」和「光學中的約翰內斯·開普勒」。 他發明了萬花筒，並改良了用於攝影的。他稱此為「透鏡立體鏡」，這是首個能隨身攜帶的3D眼鏡。他也發明了雙筒照相機、兩種、多區域鏡片以及燈塔照明燈。 布儒斯特一生致力普及科學。他是的創辦人之一，在1849年成為該會主席。他也是一共18卷《愛丁堡百科全書》的編輯之一。
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