Rudolf von Jaksch (16 July 1855, Prag-Weinberge (the Vinohrady District of Prague) – 8 January 1947, Hracholusky (Czech Republic), also Rudolf Jaksch von Wartenhorst, was an Austrian and Czech internist. He was the son of physician Anton von Jaksch (1810-1887). In 1889 he described the disease anaemia leucaemica infantum, a chronic anemic disease that affects children under three years of age, which was named "Jaksch's anemia" for him.