Rudolf Chrobak (8 July 1843 – 1 October 1910) was an Austrian gynecologist who was a native of Troppau, Austrian Silesia. In 1866 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna, and worked as an intern at Vienna General Hospital and as an assistant in the clinic of Johann von Oppolzer (1808–1871). In 1880 he became an associate professor, and in 1889 succeeded August Breisky (1832-1889) as professor and director of the second Frauenklinik in Vienna. Chrobak maintained this position until his retirement in 1908. With Friedrich Schauta (1849–1919), he was responsible for the planning and design of the new hospital department for gynecology in Vienna.