David Castelli (December 30, 1836, Leghorn, Tuscany – 1901, Florence) was an Italian scholar and educator in the field of secular Jewish studies. He was educated at the of Leghorn, and from 1857 to 1863 was teacher of Hebrew and Italian in the Jewish schools of that city. Then he became secretary of the Jewish congregation in Pisa, where at the same time he was a private teacher. From January 1876 until his death he occupied the chair of Hebrew at the Istituto di Studi Superiori Pratici e di Perfezionamento in Florence.