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Spiritual wifery is a term first used in America by the Immortalists in and near the Blackstone Valley of Rhode Island and Massachusetts in the 1740s. The term describes the idea that certain people are divinely destined to meet and share their love (at differing points along the carnal-spiritual spectrum, depending on the particular religious movement involved) after receiving a spiritual confirmation, and regardless of previous civil marital bonds. Its history in Europe among various Christian primitivistic movements has been well documented. The followers of Jacob Cochran as early as 1818 used "spiritual wifery" to describe their religious doctrine of free love. Often confused with polygamy, spiritual wifery among the Cochranites was the practice in which communal mates were temporarily

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  • Femme spirituelle (fr)
  • Spiritual wifery (en)
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  • Spiritual wifery is a term first used in America by the Immortalists in and near the Blackstone Valley of Rhode Island and Massachusetts in the 1740s. The term describes the idea that certain people are divinely destined to meet and share their love (at differing points along the carnal-spiritual spectrum, depending on the particular religious movement involved) after receiving a spiritual confirmation, and regardless of previous civil marital bonds. Its history in Europe among various Christian primitivistic movements has been well documented. The followers of Jacob Cochran as early as 1818 used "spiritual wifery" to describe their religious doctrine of free love. Often confused with polygamy, spiritual wifery among the Cochranites was the practice in which communal mates were temporarily (en)
  • La Femme spirituelle est un terme utilisé pour la première fois en Amérique par les Immortalistes dans et près de la vallée de Blackstone au Rhode Island et du Massachusetts dans les années 1740. Le terme décrit l'idée que certaines personnes sont divinement destinées à se rencontrer et à partager leur amour (à différents points du spectre charnel-spirituel, selon le mouvement religieux concerné) après avoir reçu une confirmation spirituelle et indépendamment des liens conjugaux civils antérieurs. (fr)
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  • La Femme spirituelle est un terme utilisé pour la première fois en Amérique par les Immortalistes dans et près de la vallée de Blackstone au Rhode Island et du Massachusetts dans les années 1740. Le terme décrit l'idée que certaines personnes sont divinement destinées à se rencontrer et à partager leur amour (à différents points du spectre charnel-spirituel, selon le mouvement religieux concerné) après avoir reçu une confirmation spirituelle et indépendamment des liens conjugaux civils antérieurs. Son histoire en Europe parmi les différents mouvements primitivistes chrétiens a été bien documentée. Les adeptes de Jacob Cochran, dès 1818, utilisaient la «religion spirituelle» pour décrire leur doctrine religieuse de l'amour libre. Souvent confondue avec la polygamie, la cohabitation spirituelle des Cochranites était la pratique selon laquelle les partenaires communautaires étaient temporairement affectés et réaffectés, soit par préférence personnelle, soit par autorité religieuse. Le terme a ensuite été introduit par le mouvement des saints des derniers jours par John C. Bennett, qui l'a ouvertement appliqué à la doctrine du mariage plural. Selon Helen Mar Whitney, "à l'époque à Nauvoo l'épouse spirituelle était le titre par lequel chaque femme qui était entrée dans cet ordre était appelée, car elle était enseignée et pratiquée comme un ordre spirituel, pour de telles infractions. William Smith, frère cadet de Joseph Smith et apôtre de l'Église de Jésus-Christ des saints des derniers jours, a écrit à la fin de l'année 1844 une brochure peu connue, intitulée The Elders 'Pocket Companion. ses propres vues sur les différences entre "le système spirituel de l'épouse" et "la pluralité des épouses". Smith a expliqué que la femme spirituelle était la pratique de: (1) une femme sainte des derniers jours debout comme procuration vivante pour que la ou les anciennes épouses civiles de son mari lui soient "scellées" pour l'éternité par le sacerdoce des derniers jours et (2) les femmes célibataires des derniers jours qui sont scellées de manière plurielle aux saints des derniers jours pendant le "millénaire" (le règne post-apocalyptique de Jésus sur la terre, qui dure mille ans). La "doctrine de la pluralité des femmes", écrit Smith, était simplement de la polygamie biblique pratiquée par les "anciens prophètes et patriarches". Citant le Livre de Mormon, Smith a mis fin à sa brochure en soulignant que le Livre de Mormon, tout en proscrivant généralement la polygamie de type biblique, comprend la mise en garde suivante: «Si je veux, dit le Seigneur des armées, Commandera mon peuple (l'accent est mis sur Smith). Les théories de Smith ont cependant démenti ses actions, car non seulement il avait cinq épouses civiles (dont deux avaient été scellées par la prêtrise), mais il était également scellé à 17 autres femmes, qu'il appelait généralement «épouses spirituelles». Le terme mariage complexe a été utilisé plus tard par la communauté d'Oneida dans les années 1840 pour décrire une pratique de mariage libre similaire à la femme spirituelle. (fr)
  • Spiritual wifery is a term first used in America by the Immortalists in and near the Blackstone Valley of Rhode Island and Massachusetts in the 1740s. The term describes the idea that certain people are divinely destined to meet and share their love (at differing points along the carnal-spiritual spectrum, depending on the particular religious movement involved) after receiving a spiritual confirmation, and regardless of previous civil marital bonds. Its history in Europe among various Christian primitivistic movements has been well documented. The followers of Jacob Cochran as early as 1818 used "spiritual wifery" to describe their religious doctrine of free love. Often confused with polygamy, spiritual wifery among the Cochranites was the practice in which communal mates were temporarily assigned and reassigned, either by personal preference or religious authority. The term was later introduced to the Latter Day Saint movement by John C. Bennett, who openly applied it to the doctrine of plural marriage. According to Helen Mar Whitney, "At the time [in Nauvoo] spiritual wife was the title by which every woman who entered into this order was called, for it was taught and practiced as a spiritual order." Bennett was soon excommunicated for such offenses. William Smith, youngest brother of Joseph Smith and an Apostle of and briefly Patriarch to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, wrote a little-known pamphlet in late 1844, called The Elders' Pocket Companion, explaining his own views on the differences between "the Spiritual Wife System" and "plurality of wives". Smith explained that spiritual wifery was the practice of: (1) a Latter Day Saint woman standing as living proxy for her husband's previous civil wife (or wives) to be "sealed" to him for all eternity by the power of Latter Day Saint priesthood, and (2) unmarried Latter Day Saint women being sealed plurally to Latter Day Saint men during the "Millennium" (the post-apocalyptic thousand-year reign of Jesus on the earth). The "plurality of wives doctrine" however, Smith wrote, was simply biblical polygamy as practiced by the "ancient Prophets and Patriarchs". Citing the Book of Mormon, Smith ended his pamphlet emphasizing that the Book of Mormon, while generally proscribing biblical-type polygamy, does include the caveat, "For if I will, saith the Lord of Hosts, raise up a seed unto me, I WILL COMMAND MY PEOPLE" (emphasis is Smith's). Smith's theories however belied his actions, for he not only had some five civil wives (two of whom he was sealed to by the priesthood) but he was also sealed to some 17 other women, whom he generally referred to as "spiritual wives". The term complex marriage was later used by the Oneida Community in the 1840s to describe a free marriage practice similar to spiritual wifery. (en)
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