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The silicon bandgap temperature sensor is an extremely common form of temperature sensor (thermometer) used in electronic equipment. Its main advantage is that it can be included in a silicon integrated circuit at very low cost. The principle of the sensor is that the forward voltage of a silicon diode, which may be the base-emitter junction of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), is temperature-dependent, according to the following equation: where A circuit that forces IC1 and IC2 to have a fixed N:1 ratio,gives the relationship:

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  • Halbleiter-Temperatursensor (de)
  • Silicon bandgap temperature sensor (en)
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  • Ein Halbleiter-Temperatursensor ist ein Temperatursensor auf Basis von Halbleitermaterialien. Er erzeugt eine zur absoluten Temperatur proportionale elektrische Größe. Diese elektrische Größe kann analog oder digital dargestellt sein. Die häufigsten Vertreter der Gattung geben eine analoge oder digital umgesetzte Spannung ab, die im letzteren Falle in aller Regel seriell übertragen wird, häufig über eine I²C-Schnittstelle. Die nächsthäufige Darstellung der Temperatur erfolgt über die proportionale Frequenz einer Rechteckschwingung. Wegen des beschränkten Temperaturbereiches, in dem ein Halbleiter funktionstüchtig ist, beschränkt sich der Anwendungsbereich dieser Temperaturmessmethode bis etwa 140 Grad Celsius. Häufig ist in einen solchen Temperatursensor ein Mikrocontroller integriert, der (de)
  • The silicon bandgap temperature sensor is an extremely common form of temperature sensor (thermometer) used in electronic equipment. Its main advantage is that it can be included in a silicon integrated circuit at very low cost. The principle of the sensor is that the forward voltage of a silicon diode, which may be the base-emitter junction of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), is temperature-dependent, according to the following equation: where A circuit that forces IC1 and IC2 to have a fixed N:1 ratio,gives the relationship: (en)
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  • Ein Halbleiter-Temperatursensor ist ein Temperatursensor auf Basis von Halbleitermaterialien. Er erzeugt eine zur absoluten Temperatur proportionale elektrische Größe. Diese elektrische Größe kann analog oder digital dargestellt sein. Die häufigsten Vertreter der Gattung geben eine analoge oder digital umgesetzte Spannung ab, die im letzteren Falle in aller Regel seriell übertragen wird, häufig über eine I²C-Schnittstelle. Die nächsthäufige Darstellung der Temperatur erfolgt über die proportionale Frequenz einer Rechteckschwingung. Wegen des beschränkten Temperaturbereiches, in dem ein Halbleiter funktionstüchtig ist, beschränkt sich der Anwendungsbereich dieser Temperaturmessmethode bis etwa 140 Grad Celsius. Häufig ist in einen solchen Temperatursensor ein Mikrocontroller integriert, der die Messfehler des eigentlichen Halbleitersensors korrigiert. Bei der Messschaltung handelt es sich um eine Variante der PTAT-Konstantstromquelle. Die Transistoren für die beiden Stromspiegel sind jeweils auf demselben Halbleitersubstrat realisiert. (de)
  • The silicon bandgap temperature sensor is an extremely common form of temperature sensor (thermometer) used in electronic equipment. Its main advantage is that it can be included in a silicon integrated circuit at very low cost. The principle of the sensor is that the forward voltage of a silicon diode, which may be the base-emitter junction of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), is temperature-dependent, according to the following equation: where T = temperature in kelvins,T0 = reference temperature,VG0 = bandgap voltage at absolute zero,VBE0 = junction voltage at temperature T0 and current IC0,k = Boltzmann constant,q = charge on an electron,n = a device-dependent constant. By comparing the voltages of two junctions at the same temperature, but at two different currents, IC1 and IC2, many of the variables in the above equation can be eliminated, resulting in the relationship: Note that the junction voltage is a function of current density, i.e. current/junction area, and a similar output voltage can be obtained by operating the two junctions at the same current, if one is of a different area to the other. A circuit that forces IC1 and IC2 to have a fixed N:1 ratio,gives the relationship: An electronic circuit, such as the Brokaw bandgap reference, that measures ΔVBE can therefore be used to calculate the temperature of the diode. The result remains valid up to about 200 °C to 250 °C, when leakage currents become large enough to corrupt the measurement. Above these temperatures, materials such as silicon carbide can be used instead of silicon. The voltage difference between two p-n junctions (e.g. diodes), operated at different current densities, is proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT). PTAT circuits using either BJT or CMOS transistors are widely used in temperature sensors (where we want the output to vary with temperature), and also in bandgap voltage references and other temperature-compensating circuits (where we want the same output at every temperature). If high precision is not required it is enough to bias a diode with any constant low current and use its −2 mV/˚C thermal coefficient for temperature calculation, however this requires calibration for each diode type. This method is common in monolithic temperature sensors. (en)
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