James Taylor, CBE, FRCP (1859 – 6 June 1946) was a British neurologist. Taylor was born in Forres, Morayshire, the son of Peter Taylor. He was educated at Forres Academy and the University of Edinburgh, graduating with a Master of Arts (MA) degree in natural science. After travelling in Germany, he returned to Edinburgh to train as a doctor, graduating Bachelor of Medicine (MB) in 1886 and Doctor of Medicine (MD) in 1890. He married Elizabeth Marian Cooke in 1905; they had one daughter.