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| - The International – Great Northern Railroad (I&GN) was a railroad that operated in the U.S. state of Texas. It was created on September 30, 1873, when the International Railroad and the Houston and Great Northern Railroad merged. The railroad was officially incorporated as the International & Great Northern Railroad Company. At its start, the I&GN operated 177 miles (285 km) of track from Hearne to Longview, but at its peak it owned 1,106 miles (1,780 km) of track. As the railroad expanded southwestward from Hearne, it reached Rockdale in 1874 and Austin on December 28, 1876. The line extended to San Antonio in 1880 and finally to the US-Mexican border town of Laredo on December 1, 1881. The I&GN, like other railroads of its time, had many financial troubles and went into receivership on several occasions. Industrialist Jay Gould acquired control of the I&GN in December 1880. Due to his control of the Missouri Pacific (Mopac) and the Texas and Pacific Railroad, the three were operated as one system, although they retained their separate corporate identities and seniority districts for union workers. Due to financial difficulties, stemming in part from the Panic of 1907, the I-GN entered receivership in 1908 and was sold at foreclosure to a reorganized company, the International & Great Northern Railway Company on August 31, 1911. Less than four years later, the company entered receivership again, which lasted until it was sold at foreclosure in July 1922. The International–Great Northern Railroad was incorporated by the state of Texas on August 17, 1922, and fully took over operation of the International & Great Northern Railway on December 31, 1922. In a bit of planned corporate maneuvering to keep the I-GN within the Mopac fold, the Gulf Coast Lines subsidiary, New Orleans, Texas and Mexico Railway, bought the I-GN on June 30, 1924; subsequently, the Gulf Coast Lines were bought by the Missouri Pacific on January 1, 1925. Finally, on March 1, 1956, all of the GCL subsidiaries were merged into the parent Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, and the I-GN ceased its corporate existence. In the 1960s, many of the redundant out-of-the-way lines were abandoned, including Waco to Marlin and Bryan to Navasota. The latter route was subsequently traversed via trackage rights over the Southern Pacific Railroad between the same two points. The Missouri Pacific was merged in 1997 into the Union Pacific Railroad. (en)
- L'International-Great Northern Railroad (I&GN), (sigle de l'AAR: IGN), était un chemin de fer américain de classe I en exploitation dans le Texas. (fr)
- La International-Great Northern Railroad (I&GN) (sigla : IGN) era una società ferroviaria statunitense operante nel Texas. Fu creata il 30 settembre 1873, quando la International Railroad e la Houston and Great Northern Railroad si fusero. La ferrovia è stata ufficialmente incorporata come International & Great Northern Railroad Company. Originariamente, la I&GN gestiva 177 miglia (285 km) di binari da Hearne a Longview, ma al suo apice possedeva 1 106 miglia (1 780 km) di binari. Mentre la ferrovia si espandeva verso sud-ovest da Hearne, raggiunse Rockdale nel 1874 e Austin il 28 dicembre 1876. La linea si estese a San Antonio nel 1880 e infine alla città di Laredo, che si trova al confine tra gli Stati Uniti e il Messico, il 1º dicembre 1881. La I&GN, come altre ferrovie del suo tempo, ha avuto molti problemi finanziari ed è andata in amministrazione controllata in diverse occasioni. Jay Gould acquisì il controllo della I&GN nel dicembre 1880. Grazie al suo controllo sulla Missouri Pacific (Mopac) e sulla Texas and Pacific Railway, i tre vennero gestiti come un unico sistema, sebbene ciascuno di essi conservasse le proprie identità aziendali e distretti di anzianità. A causa di difficoltà finanziarie derivanti in parte dal panico del 1907, la I-GN entrò in amministrazione controllata nel 1908 e fu venduta a pignoramento ad una società riorganizzata, la International & Great Northern Railway Company il 31 agosto 1911. Meno di quattro anni dopo, la società entrò di nuovo in amministrazione controllata, che durò fino a quando non fu venduta in pignoramento nel luglio del 1922. La International-Great Northern Railroad fu incorporata dallo stato del Texas il 17 agosto 1922 e assunse completamente il controllo della International & Great Northern Railway il 31 dicembre 1922. In un po' di manovre corporative pianificate per mantenere la I-GN all'interno della Mopac, la sussidiaria delle Gulf Coast Lines, la New Orleans, Texas and Mexico Railway, acquistò la I-GN il 30 giugno 1924; successivamente, la Gulf Coast Lines fu acquistata dalla Missouri Pacific il 1º gennaio 1925. Infine, il 1º marzo 1956, tutte le filiali della GCL furono fuse nella società madre Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, e la I-GN cessò la sua esistenza aziendale. Negli anni 1960 furono chiuse molte delle ridondanti linee fuori mano, tra cui da Waco a Marlin e da Bryan a Navasota. Quest'ultima rotta è stata successivamente attraversata attraverso i diritti di tracciamento sulla Southern Pacific Railroad tra gli stessi due punti. La Missouri Pacific è stata fusa nella Union Pacific Railroad nel 1997. (it)
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