Harden Askenasy (3 July 1908 - 19 July 1975) was a Romanian Jewish scientist and professor of neurosurgery, notable for pioneering neurosurgery in Israel and much of the Middle East. He was responsible for making the Israel Neurosurgical Society a member of both the European Neurosurgical Association and the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. During his career, he served as a neurosurgeon, researcher, and professor in many areas of science and medicine including anatomy and neurosurgery. His scientific contributions laid the foundation for old and new generations of neurosurgical students who achieved high honors at the top of their profession, both in Israel and abroad.