Emma K. Willits (20 September 1869 – 9 April 1965) was a pioneering woman physician and surgeon who played an important role in the development of Children's Hospital in San Francisco (now the California campus [Women and Children's Center] of the California Pacific Medical Center), serving as the head of the Department of General Surgery from 1921 to 1934. She is believed to be the third woman to specialize in surgery in the United States.