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During the Middle Ages, an advocatus (sometimes given as modern English: advocate; German: Vogt; French: avoué) was an office-holder who was legally delegated to perform some of the secular responsibilities of a major feudal lord, or for an institution such as an abbey. Many such positions developed, especially in the Holy Roman Empire. Typically, these evolved to include responsibility for aspects of the daily management of agricultural lands, villages and cities. In some regions, advocates were governors of large provinces, sometimes distinguished by terms such as Landvogt (in German).

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  • Advocatus (en)
  • Advocatus (in)
  • Avouerie (fr)
  • 아드보카투스 (ko)
  • アドボカトゥス (ja)
  • Адвокатура (ru)
  • Адвокатура (uk)
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  • Seorang Advocatus (terkadang dalam bahasa Inggris modern disebut: advocate; dalam bahasa Jerman: Vogt; dalam bahasa Prancis: avoué) selama Abad Pertengahan, adalah seorang pemegang jabatan yang secara hukum didelegasikan untuk melakukan beberapa tanggung jawab sekuler dari penguasa feodal utama, atau untuk sebuah institusi seperti biara. Banyak posisi seperti itu berkembang, terutama di Kekaisaran Romawi Suci, biasanya bertanggung jawab untuk aspek pengelolaan sehari-hari lahan pertanian, desa dan kota. Di beberapa daerah, advocatus adalah gubernur provinsi besar, terkadang dibedakan dengan istilah seperti Landvogt (dalam bahasa Jerman). (in)
  • 아드보카투스(라틴어: advocatus, 파생 영어 Advocate)는 중세 시대 유럽에서 변호사나 교회를 변호하는 임무를 가진 아드보카투스 에클레시아에 등의 초청받아 다른 사람을 변호하는 사람(~에, 목소리, ad vocatus)에게의 부르던 일반적인 명칭이다. 법정 대리인으로서의 아드보카투스는 12세기부터 13세기에 걸쳐 로마법이 재발견되는 과정에서 출현했다. (ko)
  • アドボカトゥス(ラテン語: advocatus、派生英語:Advocate(アドボケイト)、派生フランス語:avoué、派生ドイツ語:Vogt)とは、中世ヨーロッパに於ける、弁護士や教会を弁護する任務を持つアドボカトゥス・エクレシアエ(後述)等の招聘されて他者を弁護する(~へ、声、ad vocatus )者への一般的名称である。 法廷役職としてのアドボカトゥスは12世紀から13世紀にかけてローマ法が再発見されていく過程で出現した。 (ja)
  • During the Middle Ages, an advocatus (sometimes given as modern English: advocate; German: Vogt; French: avoué) was an office-holder who was legally delegated to perform some of the secular responsibilities of a major feudal lord, or for an institution such as an abbey. Many such positions developed, especially in the Holy Roman Empire. Typically, these evolved to include responsibility for aspects of the daily management of agricultural lands, villages and cities. In some regions, advocates were governors of large provinces, sometimes distinguished by terms such as Landvogt (in German). (en)
  • L'avouerie est la charge de l'avoué (du latin advocatus [ecclesiae], désignant un protecteur). Dans le droit féodal, l'avoué est la personne chargée de la protection et de la représentation juridique d'une institution ecclésiastique, pour les affaires séculières de la vie quotidienne. C'était en général un seigneur qui met ses forces au service d'une institution ecclésiastique, généralement une abbaye, en échange d'une rémunération perçue sous forme d'impôt ou d'une partie des amendes. L'avoué dirige notamment les vassaux de l'institution. Son rôle est similaire à celui du vidame. Un même seigneur peut assurer la défense des biens de plusieurs établissements religieux différents. (fr)
  • Адвокату́ра (від лат. advocates — прикликаний) — професіональна спільнота осіб, що отримали статус адвоката і зайнялись адвокатською діяльністю. Адвокатура є важливим правовим інститутом розвинених держав, що стоїть на варті прав і свобод громадян та їх об'єднань. Це також складна соціальна система, яку складають усі адвокати окремої держави. (uk)
  • Адвокатура (лат. advocatus, что значит призванный) — социально-правовой институт, занимающийся защитой прав, свобод и интересов доверителя в суде, правоохранительных органах, органах следствия, дознания и иных органах любыми законными способами. (ru)
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